云南南涧干热退化山地水分调蓄与植被恢复途径的试验研究

在云南南涧后山开展的以生物生态工程为主治理泥石流的研究中,围绕着干热退化山地水分调蓄与植被恢复的问题,我们于１９９０－１９９３年期间,从适生物种筛选、整地方式选择、种植技术与管理、生物篱与生物谷坊的结构和组合,以及调蓄水系统建设等方面进行了试验研究,取得了较好的效果,为该地区退化山地生态系统的恢复重建奠定了良好的基础。根据试验结果和治理区的自然生态环境现状,我们认为,以调蓄水系统为核心的综合生物治理措施是干热退化山地生态系统恢复重建中最有效的治理途径之一。     

曝气-混凝一体法去除碱性废水中砷的研究

采用曝气－混凝一体法处理碱性含砷废水。氧化方式研究表明,以曝气替代混凝机械搅拌过程,既起到氧化作用,又完成了混合作用,同时具有较好的处理效果;采用该法结合二次混凝工艺处理高浓度碱性含砷废水（砷浓度达414.94mg/L）,聚合铁为絮凝剂,总Fe/As＝3.0,砷去除率99.92％,出水中砷浓度0.33mg/L;在所选用的三种混凝剂中,聚合铁处理效果最佳。     

Influence of eutrophication on the distribution of total mercury and methylmercury in hydroelectric reservoirs

The distribution of mercury (Hg) and the characteristics of its methylation were investigated in Wujiangdu (WJD) and Yinzidu (YZD) reservoirs in Guizhou province, China. The two reservoirs are characterized by high and low levels of primary productivity, respectively. Mercury species in water samples from depth profiles in both reservoirs and from interface water in the WJD were analyzed each season during 2007. The concentrations of total Hg (HgT(unf)) and methylmercury (MeHgT(unf)) in unfiltered water samples from the WJD varied from 3.0 to 18 pmol dm(-3) and from 0.17 to 15 pmol dm(-3), respectively; ranges were 2.0 to 9.5 pmol dm(-3) for HgT(unf) and 0.14 to 2.2 pmol dm(-3) for MeHgT(unf) in the YZD. Elevated methylmercury concentrations in water samples from the bottom water and water-sediment interface demonstrated an active net Hg methylation in the downstream reach of the WJD. There was no discernable Hg methylation occurring in the YZD, nor in the upstream and middle reaches of the WJD. The results suggest that high primary productivity resulting from cage aquaculture activities in the WJD is an important control on Hg methylation in the reservoir, increasing the concentrations of MeHg in water in the Wujiang River basin Southwestern China.     

改性凹凸棒土对水溶液中苯的吸附研究

研究了改性凹凸棒土对水溶液中苯的吸附规律。结果表明，改性凹凸棒土对苯的吸附量和去除率提高了２倍多，ｐＨ值对吸附量的影响甚小，吸附量随温度上升而增加，改进的ＢＥＴ方程能较好地描述实验等温线，其吸附机理可能为表面的疏水作用与化学吸附和进入内部孔道吸附。     

华南地区土壤中不同结合态腐殖质的三卤甲烷生成潜能

通过提取土壤中各结合态腐殖酸组分 ,研究华南地区不同土壤类型、不同结合态腐殖酸的三卤甲烷生成潜能 (THMFP) .结果表明 :①稳结态腐殖酸 (H2)的 THMFP最大 ,其次是松结态腐殖酸 (H1) ,紧结态腐殖酸 (H3)的 THMFP最小 ;②各土样不同结合态腐殖酸中 ,基本上是富里酸 (FA)的 THMFP大于胡敏酸 (HA)的 THMFP;③同属铁铝土纲的麻红壤、赤红壤和砖红壤 3者中 ,砖红壤各结合态腐殖酸的 CHCl₃生成量最小 ;④水稻土和湿潮土两者各结合态腐殖酸的 CHCl₃生成量的变化规律基本一致 .     

城市污水化学除磷的探讨

阐述了城市污水处理除磷的重要性和迫切性，而在普遍采用的生物除磷技术不能满足出水磷的排放标准时可考虑采用化学除磷技术，系统分析了化学除磷的原理，特点及影响因素，结合工程实例介绍了城市污水化学除磷的除磷效果，并指出了我国在现阶段城市的污水化学除磷技术研究与发展的目标。     

Modulation of the DNA repair system and ATR-p53 mediated apoptosis is relevant for tributyltininduced genotoxic effects in human hepatoma G2 cells

The toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been extensively documented in several types of cells, but the molecular mechanisms related to the genotoxic effects of TBT have still not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that exposure of human hepatoma G2 cells to 1-4 μmol/L TBT for 3 hr caused severe DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of key DNA damage sensor genes such as the replication factor C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were inhabited in a concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that TBT induced cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated pathway, which was most likely activated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad-3 related (ATR) protein kinase. The results also showed that cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 were involved in this process. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the DNA repair system might be more responsible for TBT-induced genotoxic effects in cells. Then the generated DNA damage induced by TBT initiated ATR-p53-mediated apoptosis.     

水中六六六与五氯苯酚的光催化氧化

以高压汞灯不光泊,ＴｉＯ２为催化剂,研究了水中低浓度六六六五与五氯苯酚的光催化氧化。六六六易被光催化氧化,其４种异构体的半衰期十分接近,均在２０ｍｉｎ左右。ＰＨ中性条件下γ六六六的氧化速率较高。六六六光催化氧化存在含氯中物,并可逐渐被氧化去除。五氯苯酚光催化氧化速率明显高于光分解。３０ｍｉｎ之内五氯苯酚即可完全脱氯。随反应过程的继续,五氯苯酚被氧化成简单的小分子直至完全矿化。该法在饮用水深度处理中     

吡虫啉光降解产物中阴离子的毛细管电泳分析

本文建立了吡虫啉光降解产物中无机阴离子的毛细管电泳分析方法,背景电解质采用铬酸钠和十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,２５４ｎｍ紫外间接检测,在选定条件下,光降解产物中各种阴离子在３ｍｉｎ内达到完全分离;     

加铂修饰型催化剂光催化氧化五氯酚

研究了负载型催化剂加铂修饰,并探讨了铂在催化剂中的含量对其催化活性的影响。通过光催化降解五氯苯酚钠实验,结合催化剂晶型结构和比表面分析,评价所制备的催化剂。实验结果表明：加铂修饰型催化剂的催化活性明显高于未修饰催化剂的活性。当铂在催化剂中的重量百分比为1．4％－1．6％时其光催化活性最高。