Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace

High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br₂) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400 °C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RT_HT) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s.Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RT_HT; temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br₂ depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br₂, whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25 s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200 °C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RT_HT exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%).According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br₂/HBr in flue gas greatly.     

ClO_2对活性艳红K—2G和分散蓝2BLN染料的脱色研究

本论文主要利用自制高纯二氧化氯对两种常用且结构具有代表性的活性艳红K— 2G和分散蓝 2BLN料染 ,进行氧化脱色研究 ,作了温度 ,pH值 ,二氧化氯用量等条件试验 ,并用实际印染废水进行了实验 ,取得了良好的效果。在室温时 ,t =5min～ 7min ,pH值偏碱性条件下 ,单一染料溶液及混合染料溶液的脱色率均达到 90 %以上 ,实际印染废水的脱色也在 90 %左右。pH值、温度和ClO2 用量等多种因素对脱色率均有一定的影响 :pH值越高 ,染料脱色率越高。ClO2 用量存在一最佳值 ,与活性艳红K— 2G及分散蓝 2BLN染料的最佳摩尔比分别为 4 0及 2 0左右。ClO2 耗量随染料起始浓度的增大而增加 (脱色率相同时 )     

N，N－二甲基甲酰胺在血液中代谢物S－（N－甲基氨基甲酰）谷胱甘肽的气质联用方法

根据先将ＳＭＧ转化为乙基、Ｎ－甲基氨基酸盐（ＥＭＣ），然后以气相色谱－质谱联用手段测定所产生的ＥＭＣ的原理，发展出一种定量检测大鼠血清中ＳＭＧ及其他Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯类物质的分析方法．方法采用人工合成的ＳＭＧ和ＥＭＣ进行标定，每次测定需要样品量为０．５ｍＬ，方法的合理检出极限为ｃ（ＳＭＧ）＝１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ．     

物元分析法在池塘循环流水养殖模式监测点优化中的应用

基于2018年-2019年松江池塘循环流水养殖模式水质监测数据,采用物元分析和聚类分析相融合的评价方法对水环境质量状况进行评价.结果表明,改进后的物元分析适用于池塘循环流水养殖模式监测网络,监测点从19个减少到8个,可节省50％的成本.F检验和T检验验证结果表明,优化后的监测网络能较好地代表原始监测网络.     

垃圾堆填区渗出液对干旱季节树苗生长的影响

本试验于１９９４年７月至１月在香港望后石垃圾堆填区进行,研究了垃圾堆填区渗出液浇灌对几种亚热带树种生长及其生理学过程的影响．结果表明,在高温低湿、植物遭受水分亏缺的条件下,应用适当浓度的垃圾堆填区渗出液浇灌同水灌和肥水灌溉类似,可显著地提高树苗的移栽成活率,促进树苗的生长,尤其对耐干旱能力低的树种,其效果更为显著．与对照相比,用适当浓度的渗出液或水浇灌显著地改善植株的水分关系,降低叶片的脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）含量,促进气孔的开放．另外,处理植株叶片的光合特性也得到了不同程度的改善．根据以上结果,作者认为,在干旱季节植物遭受严重水分亏缺的条件下,应用适当浓度的垃圾堆填区渗出液浇灌可显著地缓解干旱对树苗生长的影响,为综合治理垃圾堆填区渗出液提供了一条经济、实用和可行的途径．     

Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt marsh, North Jiangsu Province, China

In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and δ¹³C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, artemisia schrenkiana flat, and the transition zone between silt and spartina alterniflora flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in spartina alterniflora flat. Spartina alterniflora plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the spartina alterniflora, artemisia schrenkiana and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the spartina alterniflora flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the spartina alterniflora flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem.     

薇甘菊入侵对深圳湾红树林生态系统碳储量的影响

外来植物入侵对生态系统碳过程的影响已经成为入侵生态学研究的热点问题。采用比较研究的方法分析了薇甘菊（MikaniamicranthaH．B．K．）入侵对深圳湾红树林生态系统碳储量的影响,分别设置红树林（Kandelia candel）群落、红树林．薇甘菊群落、薇甘菊群落以及光滩等样地,采集植被、凋落物和土壤剖面样品,分析生态系统各组分的碳储量变化。结果表明,薇甘菊入侵对红树林生态系统碳储量有着显著的影响,碳储量从未被入侵下215．73tC／hm^2减少到轻、高度入侵下的197．56tC／hm2和166．70tC／hm2,分别减少8．42％和22．72％。其中植被和土壤碳储量显著减少,凋落物碳储量显著增加。薇甘菊入侵一方面导致红树林枯萎,减少植被生物量,增加凋落物量,另一方面促进了土壤微生物活动,使土壤有机碳分解释放,降低土壤碳储量。薇甘菊入侵后红树林碳储量的降低将大大削弱生态系统的碳汇功能。     

一体化间歇曝气完全混合活性污泥法

一体化间歇曝气完全混合活性污泥法处理装置采取特殊的沉淀区构造,改变了活性污泥的循环流动方式,通过间歇曝气,反应区交替处于好氧/缺氧状态,达到了有机物高效去除、高效硝化反硝化及控制污泥膨胀的效果.该方法具有出水水质好、运行稳定、能耗低、流程简洁和操作管理方便的特点,是一种很有发展潜力的一体化中小型生活污水、城市污水处理系统.     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌粪产碱杆菌的脱氮特性

为了对粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis No.4)的脱氮特性进行研究,提出了不同环境因子对菌株脱氮性能影响的对比实验。结果表明,该菌能利用柠檬酸钠和乙酸钠作为惟一碳源,以柠檬酸钠为碳源时脱氮活性最高,硝酸铵、氯化铵、碳酸铵和硫酸铵4种铵盐均能作为惟一氮源,而硝态氮和亚硝态氮几乎不能被该菌代谢转化;当温度在30~37℃、摇床转速超过120 r/min、p H为6~8之间时,该菌对氨氮的去除效果最好;该菌对高中低浓度的氨氮都具有很好的去除效果,对高浓度的氨氮有很好的耐受性;该菌对0%、3%盐度的适应期较短,对6%的盐度经过较长时间的适应期后,也能够快速地处理氨氮,具有良好的耐盐性。     

基于垂向沉积的近百年来鸭绿江河口环境演变分析

对鸭绿江河口剖面沉积物中生源要素和重金属含量的垂向变化进行了分析,探讨了重金属元素之间和重金属与生源要素之间的相关性,总结了近百年来鸭绿江河口地区的环境演变过程.结果表明,除Cu以外,Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg之间及它们与生源要素之间有着很高的相关性,主要来源于工业和农业污染物排放等,Cu与其他环境因子有着不同的来源,人类活动对鸭绿江河口地区环境变化贡献极大;鸭绿江河口地区的环境演变过程可以分为3个阶段;总体上鸭绿江河口地区的污染状况日益严重.