豆制品生产废水处理技术

简介豆制品生产废水的来源、废水水质及废水资源概况,着重介绍了豆制品废水处理的工艺,讨论了UASB反应器及在此基础上开发出的新型厌氧反应器及应用前景。     

Gold modified microelectrode for direct tetracycline detection

The residues of tetracycline antibiotics in water have attracted many concerns due to their harmful impact to human health. This paper reports an electrochemical sensor for the determination of tetracycline (TC) by the microelectrode, which was fabricated by electrodeposited gold colloids on tungsten tip. Cyclic voltammerty was used to study the electrochemical behavior of TC on the microelectrode. Well anodic wave was obtained at about 1.5 V in acidic solutions. Electrochemical determination of tetracycline was investigated using microelectrode by cyclic voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves for TC were obtained. The oxidation peak currents were linearly related to TC concentrations in the range of 1–10 mg·L^-1 and 10–100 mg·L^-1, respectively. The detection limit was 0.09 mg·L^-1 (S/N = 3).     

苯急性暴露对Sprague-Dawley大鼠全基因组DNA甲基化的影响

现有文献表明,DNA甲基化异常与肿瘤的发生密切相关,其中全基因组DNA甲基化水平的改变已经被认为是癌症发生的生物标志物;同时,大量遗传毒理学实验证明苯可以引起DNA突变和断裂,然而苯暴露引起全基因组DNA甲基化异常的现象,目前鲜有文献报道。为了揭示苯引起全基因组DNA甲基化变化的致毒机制,本实验中,Sprague-Dawley（SD）雄性大鼠经口灌胃急性暴露于以500 mg.kg-1（以体质量计）的苯中,在暴露6、12、24、30 h后采集SD雄性大鼠体内血液、肝脏、肾脏和肺,利用高效液相色谱分析方法检测全基因组DNA甲基化水平。结果表明,SD雄性大鼠血液和肝脏的全基因组DNA甲基化水平显著下降,而在肾脏和肺中没有显著地变化,表现出组织特异性。本实验率先报道了苯的暴露可以引起全基因组DNA甲基化水平的异常,从表观遗传学的角度解释了苯影响人体健康的机制。     

考虑参数不确定性的框剪结构敏感性分析

建筑结构的地震需求受诸多不确定性参数的影响,为研究这些参数对地震响应的影响,以13层钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构为例,基于结构非线性时程分析的结果,得到了选择不确定性参数的Tornado图形敏感程度排序,排序结果表明:对于无控和有控结构,地震动强度和地震动特征对地震需求的影响均较显著;增设阻尼器后,阻尼系数和阻尼指数也会...     

长江三角洲北翼兴化-通州地区第四纪地层划分及古环境分析

选取长江三角洲北翼兴化-通州地区(分属东台和南通第四纪地层小区)的5个实测钻孔,以岩石地层、年代地层和磁性地层为基础,应用层序地层学理论与方法,对研究区第四纪地层进行初步划分,共划分出下更新统(Qp1)、中更新统(Qp2)、上更新统(Qp3)和全新统(Qh)4个地层单元。讨论了区内第四纪以来岩相古地理演化特征及古河道变迁的过程。研究区内北部东台地层小区第四纪以来以陆相河湖沉积为主;南部南通地层小区第四纪早期以陆相河湖沉积为主,中晚期为海陆交互沉积。第四纪以来古河道在海安以南区域摆动,至晚更新世晚期南移接近现长江位置。     

我国化学品环境管理立法之进路分析

化学品的生产和使用极大的丰富了人类的生活,但不少化学品是有毒有害的,甚至会致癌、致突变、造成出生缺陷和损伤免疫系统。加强与完善化学品环境管理已成为世界各国普遍关注的重大问题之一。改革与完善我国化学品环境管理立法的进路在于树立科学的立法理念、构建完整的立法体系、健全配套的保障制度、推动国际化战略进程等几个方面。     

Distribution and accumulation of biogenic silica in the intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Sedimentary biogenic silica is known to be all important parameter to understand biogeochemical processes and paleoenviromental records in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Consequently, it is of great significance to investigate accumulation and distribution of biogenic silica in sediments. The two-step mild acid-mild alkaline extraction procedure was used to leach biogenic silica and its early diagenetic products in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that total biogenic silica(t-BSi)in the intertidal sediments varied from 237. 7-419. 4 μmol Si/g. while the mild acid leachable silica(Si-HCl)and the mild alkaline leachable silica(Si-Alk)were in the range of 25. 1-72. 9μmol Si/g and 208. 1-350. 4 μmol Si/g. respectively. Significant correlations were observed for the grain size distributions of sediments and different biogenic silica pools in intertidal sediments. This confirms that grain size distribution Can significantly affect biogenic silica contents in sediments. Close relationships of biogenic silica with organic carbon and nitrogen Were also found, reflecting that there is a strong coupling between biogenic silica and organic matter biogeochemical cycles in the intertidal system of the Yangtze Estuary. Additionally, the early diagenetic changes of biogenic silica in sediments are discussed in the present study.     

Solubility and sorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and cosolvent systems

The solubility and sorption of oil by uncontaminated clay loam and silt loam soils were studied from water and cosolvent/water solutions using batch techniques. The data obtained from the dissolution and sorption experiments were used to evaluate the applicability of the cosolvent theory to oil as a complex mixture. Aqueous solubility and soil-water distribution coeffcients (Kd,w, L/kg) were estimated by extrapolating from cosolvent data, with a log-linear cosolvency model, to the volume fraction of cosolve...     

泉州湾食用鱼中有机氯农药和多氯联苯污染状况与食用安全性的研究

于2013年采集泉州湾海域10种食用鱼样品,分析其中的20种有机氯农药（OCPs）和28种多氯联苯（PCBs）的含量、组成、生物富集以及对人体健康的危害进行风险评估。结果显示,鱼体中OCPs和PCBs的浓度分别为（11.20~74.51）×10-9和（4.48~20.44）×10-9（湿重）,不同鱼种类中污染物含量差别较大,其中棱鮻和斑鰶体中OCPs和PCBs含量最高。鱼体中OCPs主要以DDTs为主,其他化合物含量均较低,且分子标志示踪来源显示,OCPs主要来源于历史残留;而PCBs主要以高氯代PCBs为主。泉州湾食用鱼对DDTs具有较强的富集能力;对PCBs的富集能力随着氯原子数的增加而增强,但氯原子数大于7时富集能力下降。评估显示,泉州湾鱼类体中PCBs的量可能会危及人体健康。并且,棱鮻、斑鰶、黄姑鱼、叫姑鱼、白姑鱼和四指马鲅的每日允许最大摄入量和每月最大允许餐数均低于安全阀值142.2 g/d和16餐/月,建议消费者不要过度食用这些海产品。     

喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式下包气带土壤水分动态特征

为了揭示喀斯特峰林平原区旱地土壤水的特征,在广西来宾市附近选取了地膜覆盖玉米地、露地玉米地和撂荒地等三处地块,从2006年3月至2007年4月,用中子仪和负压计观测了土壤剖面0cm至450cm处土壤含水量和土壤水势,结果显示:包气带土壤含水量在10cm处变动强烈,而在100cm和450cm处变弱。从时间上看,土壤含水量及其动态具有明显的季节性,2006年3月-4月,土壤平均含水量36.7%,为年内平均最大含水量,这一时期土壤水分含量普遍较大且呈现逐渐增高的趋势。在5月-8月,土壤平均含水量34.1%,且年内最大含水量与最小含水量都出现在这一时期。在9月-11月,土壤平均含水量32.6%,包气带水分含量在此期间以逐步下降为主。在12月-次年2月,土壤平均含水量31.4%,为年度内最低。包气带土壤水零通量面在一个年度内存在时间共338天,11月至次年2月ZFP(零通量面)的发育深度为170 cm,其它月份大多低于100cm。整个观测模拟期内,土壤水的蒸发总量为865.66 mm,占同期降雨总量的88.5%,下渗总量为145.47mm,占同期降雨总量的11.5%,田间持水量为30.3%。