用于控制太湖流域农村面源污染的透水坝技术试验研究

为了控制太湖流域农村面源污染,结合人工湿地原理和快速渗滤机理,开发了透水坝技术并进行了运行试验.该技术利用平原河网地区现有河道的容积来承受农村面源污染水量、水质的冲击负荷,通过控制透水坝的渗流量,拦蓄径流为后续的处理单元提供自流动力.4个月的运行结果表明,使用梯形渗流模型进行透水坝的渗流量计算比较准确,透水坝达到了拦蓄5天处理雨量为1400Om3的降雨径流的设计要求,同时透水坝的TN、TP去除率分别为15.59%和23.44%.     

乌鲁木齐市大气中二氧化硫的灰色预测

根据灰色系统理论,联系乌鲁木齐市大气环境的实际状况,建立了精度检验为一级的灰色预测模型,经模型检验其精度完全满足要求。对乌鲁木齐大气中的SO2值进行预测分析的结果表明,乌鲁木齐市大气中SO2值呈上升的趋势,在未来几年中,乌鲁木齐市大气中SO2的预测值超过国家三级标准值(即大气中SO2的质量浓度年均值≤0.10mg/m3),这种发展趋势应引起有关部门的关注。     

抚顺市环境噪声现状及控制对策

本文以抚顺市1996年2005年的噪声监测资料为依据，分析了抚顺市的环境噪声污染现状、特征，指出存在的主要问题是：社会生活噪声突出、交通噪声污染显著。并据此探索合理的防治措施——噪声控制规划纳入城市发展规划及强化城市环境噪声管理。     

黄岛电厂温排水对大型底栖生物群落的影响

以黄岛电厂温排水邻近海域为研究对象,2010年9月调查了电厂温排水对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响。在9个站点共采集到大型底栖生物76种,平均生物量5．79 g/m2,平均密度830 m-2。利用Bray-Curtis相似性聚类对各样本大型底栖生物分析得出,调查区域可划分为4个群落。各样点Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2．42～4．25之间,平均指数为3．67,其中靠近温排水区域站位的生物多样性呈现下降的趋势。丰度生物量比较（Abundance/biomass comparison, ABC）曲线分析结果显示,靠近排水口处的大型底栖生物群落受到一定程度的干扰。冗余分析（ RDA）结果表明,水温是影响底栖生物群落变化的最主要因子,对调查区域大型底栖生物群落变化的解释量达到60．5％,影响范围为排水口附近温升在3℃以上的区域。     

Spatial–temporal dynamics of NDVI and Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2009 in the East coastal zone of China: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components

Annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration are the most important large-scale indicators of terrestrial and oceanic ecosystem net primary productivity. In this paper, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor level 3 standard mapped image annual products from 1998 to 2009 are used to study the spatial–temporal characters of terrestrial NDVI and oceanic Chl-a concentration on two sides of the coastline of China by using the methods of mean value (M), coefficient of variation (CV), the slope of unary linear regression model (Slope), and the Hurst index (H). In detail, we researched and analyzed the spatial–temporal dynamics, the longitudinal zonality and latitudinal zonality, the direction, intensity, and persistency of historical changes. The results showed that: (1) spatial patterns of M and CV between NDVI and Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2009 were very different. The dynamic variation of terrestrial NDVI was much mild, while the variation of oceanic Chl-a concentration was relatively much larger; (2) distinct longitudinal zonality was found for Chl-a concentration and NDVI due to their hypersensitivity to the distance to shoreline, and strong latitudinal zonality existed for Chl-a concentration while terrestrial NDVI had a very weak latitudinal zonality; (3) overall, the NDVI showed a slight decreasing trend while the Chl-a concentration showed a significant increasing trend in the past 12 years, and both of them exhibit strong self-similarity and long-range dependence which indicates opposite future trends between land and ocean.     

Investigation of organic pollutants in wastewater-irrigated soil and its DNA damage and oxidative damage on mice

This work aimed to determine the DNA and oxidative damage on mice by mixtures of organic contaminants in wastewater-irrigated soil, in order to assess their usefulness as markers for this kind of pollution. Wastewater-irrigated soil samples in the vicinity of an industrial area in Tangshan, China were collected, and soil irrigated by underground water satisfying drinking water standards was used as control group. Organic pollutants were extracted from the soil using ultrasonic oscillation, and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Meanwhile, DNA damage on mice was determined by the Comet assay after oral gavage with the extracts, and changes in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase glutathione, GSH peroxidase (GSH-P_X) activity and malondialdehyde content in serum of mice were investigated. The number of categories and concentrations of organic compounds in the wastewater-irrigated soil is more than those in groundwater-irrigated soil, as identified by the GC-MS. The toxicity test of mice showed that compared with reagent control group, the activities of T-SOD and GSH-P_X decreased; the tailing rate of peripheral blood lymphocyte of mice increased and was more than that of the control group. This shows that mammalian toxicity end points can be used to determine the joint toxicity of organic pollutants in soil. When there is no means to identify each and every pollutant in soil, it is feasible to evaluate the combined effects of various pollutants to determine the extent to which the soil is polluted.     

在线加湿条件下开放源类微粒子排放数学模型的建立

利用实验室微粒子控制模拟试验装置,采用粉体物料自由下落溢出随机粉尘的试验方法,研究了在线加湿条件下开放源类粉体物料自由下落过程中微粒子排放特性;在一定动力因素条件下,探讨了微粒子含量、质量流量、含水率、样品种类、空气相对湿度、加湿流量和加湿压力等因素对开放源物料中微粒子排放率的影响;通过数学归纳和模型化处理,建立了在线加湿条件下开放源类粉体物料自由下落过程中大气微粒子排放率的数学模型;并对所建立的数学模型进行了优化. 结果表明,模型计算值与试验值基本一致.      

问渠那得清如许--记福建丰泉集团有限公司

具有国际权威的经济合作与发展组织(CECD)研究认为,环保产业技术已与生物技术、信息技术并列为当代最具发展潜力的三大技术领域。环保产业已成为全球性的“朝阳产业”。 中国的环保产业自二十世纪七十年代起步至今,经过近三十年的发展,全国环保相关产业单位达到18000多个,从业人员300多万,年收入近1700亿元,出口总额14多亿美元。全     

一株氯苯降解新菌株的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

采集某净化氯苯废气的生物滴滤床填料表面的生物膜,分离纯化后得到1株能高效降解氯苯的菌株L2,基于菌株生理生化特征、16S rDNA序列系统学分析和Biolog鉴定,可确定该菌株为皮氏罗尔斯顿菌(Ralstonia pickettii),其为新发现的具有氯苯降解性能的菌株.该菌株最佳生长温度和pH分别为30 ℃和7,在最...     

海洋生物对微塑料迁移转化的调控作用

近年来,海洋微塑料污染已成为全球关注的重要环境问题。海洋中广泛存在的微塑料可被藻类吸附、微生物定植,亦可被海洋动物摄食并蓄积。生物与微塑料之间的相互作用必然会改变微塑料的物理、化学性质,及其在海洋中的迁移转化。因此,本文系统地阐述了海洋生物对微塑料的吸附、摄入、蓄积与排泄等关键过程;重点总结了微塑料在海洋生物过程(如排泄、与海洋雪团聚、形成生物膜以及生物扰动)影响下的沉降-埋藏等迁移过程;深入讨论了海洋动物对微塑料的摄食、消化过程以及微生物的分解作用导致的微塑料破碎、降解以及塑料添加剂和吸附污染物的释放过程及其机理。本文阐明了海洋生物对微塑料迁移转化的调控作用,为理解海洋微塑料的环境归趋提供理论依据。