Comparisons of the dust/smoke particulate that settled inside the surrounding buildings and outside on the streets of southern New York City after the collapse of the World Trade Center, September 11, 2001

The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, generated large amounts of dust and smoke that settled in the surrounding indoor and outdoor environments in southern Manhattan. Sixteen dust samples were collected from undisturbed locations inside two uncleaned buildings that were adjacent to Ground Zero. These samples were analyzed for morphology, metals, and organic compounds, and the results were compared with the previously reported outdoor WTC dust/smoke results. We also analyzed seven additional dust samples provided by residents in the local neighborhoods. The morphologic analyses showed that the indoor WTC dust/smoke samples were similar to the outdoor WTC dust/smoke samples in composition and characteristics but with more than 50% mass in the <53-microm size fraction. This was in contrast to the outdoor samples that contained >50% of mass above >53 microm. Elemental analyses also showed the similarities, but at lower concentrations. Organic compounds present in the outdoor samples were also detected in the indoor samples. Conversely, the resident-provided convenience dust samples were different from either the WTC indoor or outdoor samples in composition and pH, indicating that they were not WTC-affected locations. In summary, the indoor dust/smoke was similar in concentration to the outdoor dust/smoke but had a greater percentage of mass <53 microm in diameter.     

Fe(Ⅲ)微生物还原机理及其研究进展

厌氧异养型微生物还原Fe(Ⅲ)的同时可以氧化降解有机物,在污染环境修复中具有积极的作用.目前对Fe(Ⅲ)微生物还原的物理、生物化学特性的认识还十分有限.总结了近年来自然环境中Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌的单菌种分离情况和混合菌的降解作用,探讨了Fe(Ⅲ)还原以及有机物降解的机理,分析了Fe(Ⅲ)可能对微生物产生的抑制作用,并提出了进一步研究的方向.     

灌淤土施氮后土壤硝态氮的动态变化

通过室内模拟试验,探讨不同水分条件下灌淤土施用不同氮肥后硝态氮随时间的变化规律,并在田间条件下,测定不同氮肥形态和数量对土壤硝态氮含量的影响。灌淤土施氮后土壤硝态氮含量变化与土壤含水量及氮肥种类有关。施肥9d后,土壤中的硝态氮迅速增加;土壤水分低于田间持水量的50%或水分过饱和都明显影响灌淤土的硝化作用;施用大颗粒尿素产生的硝态氮最少,淋失或流失的几率小。灌淤土土体中硝态氮的残留与施氮种类及数量有直接关系。施肥使土壤表层硝态氮显著增加,施用大颗粒尿素尤为突出,但施大颗粒尿素后,60cm土体中残留的硝态氮总量最少。随着施氮量增加,表层土体中硝态氮含量增加。合理的施肥水平一般不会造成硝态氮的大量累积,而过量施氮则导致硝态氮明显积累,对通气透水性好的灌淤土,容易造成硝态氮淋失。     

推行垃圾的分类收集

本文阐述应用市场经济法则,用经济手段来实现垃圾的分类收集,从而建立一种新的垃圾收集的运行机制。     

日本东京湾地区冬季飘尘污染研究

对东京湾地区冬季高浓度飘尘污染进行了分析，研究结果表明，日本某些特定地区也存在着与中国严重污染城市相当的飘尘污染；分析指出高浓度的飘尘污染主要来自于人为污染，其中废弃物焚烧和汽车排气的贡献占重要地位，这与中国大气煤烟型污染截然不同。     

绿色机动车—燃料电池汽车

简要叙述了燃料电池汽车的技术特点，主要有：能量转化效率高，ＣＯ２排放量比内燃机汽车低，基本不产生有毒气体，不要充电。在此基础上较详细地介绍了世界各国的燃料电池汽车研究现状，并针对上海市机动车污染严重的现状，提出了发展燃料电池汽车及其相关产业的建议。     

Electrically enhanced photodegradation of an azodye(Acid Orange Ⅱ) using a Pt/TiO2 film electrode irradiating with an UV lamp

A photoelectrochemical process in the degradation of an azodye(Acid Orange II)on a Pt/TiO2 film electrode was investigated.By using the glass device and the voltage stabilized source of direct current,decolorization ratios higher than 78% were observed during a period of 5h.Comparing this value with the sum of the decolorization ratios obtained by a sole application of electrochemical(lower than 3%)and photochemical(about 23%)procedures, a significant synergic effect between both processes was observed.The effects of adscititious voltage and pH value on the decolorization ratios were obvious while the effect of the amount of aeration was minor.     

鼓泡法对聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的评价

用鼓泡法对六种聚天冬氨酸 (Polyasparticacid ,PASP)的阻碳酸钙垢性能进行了评价 ,考察了pH值、阻垢剂用量、温度、恒温时间等对阻垢性能的影响。研究发现 ,阻垢率随着聚天冬用量的增加而增大 ,其用量在 1 0mg/L时 ,已能获得较好的阻垢效果。另外 ,与聚丙烯酸 (PAA)和聚马来酸 (HPMA)的比较发现 ,聚天冬在高温水系统中作长时间停留 ,仍对碳酸钙垢有较强的抑制作用     

某酸性矿山排水中溶解性有机物的特征分析

采集安徽某酸性矿山排水（AMD）水库不同离岸距离的表水层水样,结合傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）与三维荧光光谱（EEMs）技术对水样中溶解性有机物（DOM）来源和组分特征进行分析.三维荧光结果表明,样品中内源性色氨酸类荧光峰峰强与离岸距离正相关,且基于三维荧光特征指数（FI,HIX,BIX）分析判断DOM主要来自于内源.FT-ICR MS在分子层面进一步表明,内源性组分（脂类,脂肪族/蛋白类,糖类）在近岸点样品DOM所占比重相对较低（66%）.AMD中DOM的主要成分为CHO（40%~50%）、CHON（25%~30%）、CHOS （22%~36%）等化合物.DOM包含有高比例的CHOS化合物主要与AMD水体高浓度硫酸盐有关.     

长江流域上游地区“三磷”污染现状及对策研究

长江流域上游地区是我国“三磷”(磷矿、磷化工企业和磷石膏库)最为集中的区域,总磷污染尤为严重.为保障长江流域水环境安全,支撑长江经济带可持续发展,从分析长江上游“三磷”污染状况出发,剖析总磷污染成因,提出“三磷”污染控制对策建议.结果表明,长江流域上游地区总磷污染成因主要包括:磷矿资源丰富,长期开采对上游水环境产生显著影响;围绕磷矿开采的磷化工产业发展迅速,但管理薄弱导致总磷超标排放;存量磷石膏临河不当处置与堆存,环境污染与安全隐患大.针对总磷污染成因,按照“重点突出,精准施策”原则,以长江流域上游地区“三磷”集中片区为重点开展综合整治,提出几点对策建议:①重点加强沱江上游德阳段绵远河、石亭江,乌江上游贵州段瓮安河、洋水河和清水江,湖北省宜昌-兴山-神农架一线和钟祥-南漳一线三个片区的磷矿治理;②推动绵远河、石亭江、乌江、香溪河流域等涉磷工业园区/工业集中区的技术改造升级,促进磷化工产业绿色发展;③加强四川省(沱江)、贵州省(乌江)、湖北省(香溪河)等磷石膏堆场密集分布区域的规范化综合管理;④以法规和标准为准绳,加快完善涉磷污染源监管系统.