氢安全研究现状及面临的挑战

氢能具有储运便捷、来源多样、洁净环保等突出优点,许多国家把发展氢能作为重要的能源战略。氢安全是氢能大规模商业化应用的重要保障。在分析国内外氢安全领域近年来最新研究进展的基础上,依次从氢泄漏与扩散、氢燃烧与爆炸、氢与金属材料相容性及氢风险评价等方面,系统总结了国内外氢安全研究面临的挑战,并对我国氢安全的发展提出了建议。     

大尺寸短波发射天线现场测试技术研究

三线、对数周期等大尺寸天线大量应用于通信台站与舰船上,然而,考虑到天线放置地点、工作频段、通信覆盖范围等要求,这类天线都具有较大的物理尺寸,在实验室环境和外场试验环境下都无法直接测量辐射方向图、发射效率、驻波比等天线性能指标。以大尺寸短波发射天线现场测试技术为研究对象,分析了大尺寸短波发射天线现场测手段的必要性与所存在的不足,在传统现场测试方法的基础上,提出了一种基于无人机的短波发射天线现场测试方法,对信台站与舰艇上大尺寸短波发射天线的设计、施工、调试、维修、以及现场系统联调等环节起到保障作用。     

城市电力供应系统公共安全风险评估体系及应用

城市电力供应系统与城市公共安全关系紧密，文章分析了导致城市电力供应系统故障或事故的主要风险因素、事故类型及其风险程度，建立了城市电力供应系统公共安全风险评估体系。利用建立的风险评估体系，对某市电力供应系统的安全性进行了风险评估，同时验证了该体系在城市电力供应系统风险评估中的良好适用性。     

包钢干熄焦除尘灰用于高炉喷吹的研究

为研究包钢干熄焦除尘灰代替部分高炉喷吹用煤,对干熄焦除尘灰进行了工业分析和微观形貌分析,采用热重分析仪对干熄焦除尘灰和高炉喷吹用煤的着火点、燃尽温度、燃尽时间、综合燃烧特性指数以及动力学参数进行了分析,探讨了干熄焦除尘灰配入量对高炉喷吹性能的影响。研究结果表明:活化能随干熄焦除尘灰配入量的增加而增大,燃烧性能降低,干馏烟煤、无烟煤、半焦和干熄焦除尘灰(配比为40%30%25%5%)搭配组成的混合煤燃烧性能最好。     

含阶梯结构的高层楼梯井内烟气湍流及输运特征量的全局敏感性分析

高层建筑竖井火灾中影响因素众多,并且各因素对高层楼梯井火灾中重要现象、关键数值等的影响大小不一,使得此类火灾中的实验或理论研究成本较高。通过建立全局敏感性分析平台,定量考察了高层楼梯井结构所涉及因素的影响大小,并能够方便地筛选掉对所考察量影响较小的因素,以降低实验或计算成本。使用数值模拟方法,通过CFD软件对包含阶梯几何框架的高层楼梯井结构火灾进行了共计60次工况计算。并且根据计算结果,使用全局参数敏感性分析方法,得出建筑尺寸、热释放速率、环境参数对高层楼梯井内烟气湍流特性及输运特性的敏感性排序。结果表明,火源热释放速率对各输出参数的影响均占38%以上。     

Determination of trace metal concentrations in soil profiles of municipal waste dumps in Nigeria

The concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Co) were studied in soil profiles of eight municipal waste dump sites in Warri metropolis. The results indicate that concentrations of trace metals varied widely among the different dumpsites and decreased with depths in a studied soil profile. The accumulation pattern for the heavy metals in the soil profiles follows the order: Fe > Pb > Mn > Co > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of metals found in these sites was below the Canadian remediation criteria for land for agricultural, residential and commercial/industrial purposes except for the cadmium levels in some sites that exceeded criterion values for agricultural and residential. In such sites, remedial actions are required before any form of chosen development can take place. The levels of heavy metals found in these dump sites were higher than that of the control site. The examined metals showed no significant correlation with soil physicochemical properties at the surface horizon, which is suggestive evidence that these metals arise from anthropogenic input.     

宏蛋白质组学在活性污泥研究中的应用

宏蛋白质组学作为研究微生物群落的一种新兴技术,主要是对特定微生物群落所表达的全部蛋白进行宏观、高通量的分析研究.本文综述了宏蛋白质组学研究的技术路线,主要包括蛋白的提取和纯化、分离和鉴定,以及宏蛋白质组学在强化生物除磷的活性污泥、活性污泥胞外多聚物和比较不同处理工艺活性污泥的差异等方面的研究.活性污泥的宏蛋白质组学研究完善了强化生物除磷活性污泥的厌氧和好氧阶段的代谢模型,揭示了活性污泥胞外多聚物在污染物降解过程中的主要作用和表现,阐述了不同活性污泥在污水处理过程中宏观特性与微观功能之间的关系,对于污水的生物处理有着重要的指导意义.宏蛋白质组学在活性污泥研究领域仍处于起步阶段,没有统一、有效的蛋白提取方法,数据库匮乏,成为活性污泥宏蛋白质组学发展的主要阻碍.随着各种新兴仪器、方法的应用以及数据库的不断完善,活性污泥宏蛋白质组学将会在污染物生物降解机制分析、鉴定功能蛋白等方面展现其巨大的优势.     

Critical Review of Norms and Standards for Biodegradable Agricultural Plastics Part II: Composting

The critical review of norms and standards and corresponding tests to determine the compostability of biodegradable plastics, possibly applicable also to biodegradable agricultural plastics, shows that many norms concerning testing and labelling of compostable plastics have been established at the international level. Some of them are about plastic materials, some others are about products like packaging. The media and conditions of testing cover mainly the conditions designed for industrial composting facilities, and only a few concern home composting conditions. Considering that the end of life management of biodegradable agricultural plastic products will be done at the farm to reduce the management of the waste and also its cost, only a few of these norms are considered to be suitable for adaptation to cover also biodegradable agricultural plastic products. The biodegradability validation criteria under composting conditions, such as the threshold percentage of biodegradation and disintegration, the time and temperature, and the ecotoxicity, are presented for the main norms and standard testing methods. Based on these different norms and their content, a list of specs and technical requirements that could be adapted to meet farm composting conditions for agricultural compostable plastics is proposed. These requirements may be used as criteria for the establishment of a new integrative norm for agricultural compostable plastics.     

制备和再生方式对半焦吸附剂烟气脱硝性能的影响

以廉价的半焦为原料,利用半焦改性活化后具有孔网结构丰富、吸附催化性能好,且机械强度高等优良特性制备半焦吸附剂,采用固定床反应器进行烟气脱硝性能评价,并借助BET和TEM等手段研究影响脱硝性能的主要因素.结果表明,高压水热活化和硝酸氧化高温热处理两种改性制备方式以及热脱附、水洗和氨水洗等再生方式都能够显著影响半焦吸附剂的表面物性和脱硝性能.     

耶郸市产业结构与环境质量相关性研究

文章在2007年对邯郸市产业结构与环境质量现状相关性调查的基础上,分析了邯郸市产业结构与环境质量现状的关系,提出了改善当地环境质量的办法.