生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准比较研究

详细介绍了美国《城市生活垃圾填埋场标准》，德国《生活垃圾技术条例》．日本《废弃物最终处置场指南》和欧盟《废弃物填埋导则》等有关生活垃圾填埋污染控制的标准的主要内容以厦其主要特点．井与中国现行的《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB16889—1997）相比较，主要从选址、入场垃圾要求、渗滤液排放标准、防渗结构和终场覆盖系统等5方面分析了GB16889中存在的一些问题，并对今后其修订、完善工作提出了具体的建议。     

岩石工程开挖对山坡体应力场扰动规律的数值分析

应用三雏数值分析方法,研究人工开挖边坡与自然山体边坡体之间的应力场分布特点、演变规律和作用关系,并依据应力场演变规律确定边坡岩体的破坏模式;以便为矿山生产及周边环境的安全评价提供科学依据。     

UASB反应器中颗粒污泥的沉降性能与终端沉降速度

从流体力学角度,通过建立沉降速度模型探讨了UASB反应器中颗粒污泥的沉降性能与终端沉降速度．计算结果表明,(1)绝大多数颗粒污泥的沉降过程属于过渡区(1＜Re＜100)而非层流区,其沉降速度与直径成正比,可用Allen公式进行计算;(2)颗粒污泥的终端沉降速度远高于厌氧反应器中废水的上流速度,其良好的沉降性能解决了在高负荷情况下污泥的流失问题．所建模型能较好地反映实际条件下的情况．为厌氧反应器的工艺设计与正常运行提供理论依据．     

Growth responses of Picea mongolica seedlings to defoliation rate

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM I (natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H1 (height in June 23 ) and H2 (height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ (artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H1 was significant, the difference of H2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM I, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain de clree.     

Sorption of pyrene on two paddy soils and their particle-size fractions

In the present study, the sorption of pyrene on two kinds of bulk paddy soils, Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosols, and Ferric accumulic Stagnic Anthrosols as well as their particle-size fractions was investigated. The sorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich equation. For both soils, the clay fraction（ 〈 2μm） and coarse sand fraction（2000-250μm） had higher sorption capacity than fine sand fraction（250-20 μm） and silt fraction（20-2 μm）. The IogKoc values obtained of each soil and its particle-size fractions were similar, proving that SOM content was a key factor affecting pyrene sorption. The Kd values showed a significant correlation with contents of dithionite-extractable Fe in both paddy soils and a good relationship with CEC in Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosols, indicating possible effects of surface properties of particle-size fractions on the sorption of pyrene.     

基于循环经济的西部荒漠化治理途径探讨

荒漠化是制约我国西部地区发展的重要环境问题.本文在分析西部荒漠化现状的基础上,基于循环经济理念,从建立以可再生能源为主体的能源结构、构建产业体系和树立人与自然和谐发展的思维观三个方面提出并探讨了荒漠化的治理途径,为西部地区实现经济、社会和生态环境的协调发展提供借鉴.     

阳极溶出伏安法连续测定底泥中的总镉和总铅

底泥样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后,用1 1盐政溶解残渣,以高氯酸做支持电解质,采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法,连续测定样品中的总镉和总铅.该方法测定土壤标准样品中镉和铅的相对标准偏差分别为5.6%和4.6%,相对误差分别为2.4%和～1.7%;测定自采底泥样品中镉和铅的相对偏差分别为7.7%和8.1%,方法的重复性好;测定土壤标准样品中镉加标回收率为94.0%～106.8%,铅加标回收率为95%～103.8%;自采样品中镉加标回收率为93.0%～105.6%,铅加标回收率为90.0%～105.0%,方法的准确度较高.实验中,镉和铅的半波电位稳定,峰形对称.     

环境保护的制度调整与创新

通过对环境制度的分析指出环境问题的根源在于制度的失败,即市场失灵和政府失败;环境问题的出路在于在可持续发展思想的指导下进行制度创新,构建绿色市场机制与可持续的政府政策.     

两相厌氧消化工艺的研究进展及其应用

两相厌氧消化工艺因产酸相和产甲烷相的分离而具有一系列的特点和优势。针对该工艺的理论依据和运行机理进行了阐述，讨论了两相厌氧消化工艺的相分离以及相分离的实现对整个工艺的影响，着重剖析了两相厌氧消化工艺的影响因素，并对该工艺的应用范围及存在的问题进行了论述，说明了工艺的先进性和可行性。     

唐山市大气中多环芳烃污染现状研究

通过污染源调查和采集样品分析得出唐山市大气中多环芳烃污染现状，与国内外一些城市相比较，了解目前唐山市大气中多环芳烃污染水平。