单甲脒农药的微生物降解代谢研究

研究了门多萨假单胞菌ＤＲ－８菌株对单甲脒农药的降解代谢。该菌利用率甲脒作为生长的唯一氮源，其对单甲脒的呼吸作用试验确证了该农药的生物可降解性。单甲脒对细菌生物氧化代谢关联酶活性的影响研究表明，脱氢酶对单甲脒较敏感，而ＮＡＤＨ氧化酶则耐受性较强。     

亚铵制浆黑液非无菌操作连续发酵生产酵母

从土壤中筛选出能在亚铵黑液中生长的毕赤酵母菌株（Ｐｉｃｈｉａ ｓｐ．Ｎｏ．１）经耐毒驯化后，可接种于酸析脱木素和汽提脱毒后的亚铵黑液中，在非无菌操作条件下连续发酵生产酵母菌体，该菌生产迅速，连续培养衡释率达０．２６ｈ＾－１，总糖的酵母得率为０．４８ｇ／ｇ（ＴＳ），ＣＯＤ去除２３％，菌体易絮凝，可自然沉降分离。     

用水基表面活性剂乳液回收废白土中蜡的界面张力研究

通过测定液体与废白土粉末之间的接触角及液体与蜡之间的液液界面张力，对水基表面活性剂乳液的溶剂及配方进行了优选，得到最佳的水基面活性剂乳液的组成为：质量分数０．２％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠＋体积分数为２．５％的乙醇＋体积分数为２５％的混合烃（正己烷＋苯，等体积）＋体积分数为７２．５％的水。实验证明，用该水基表面活性剂乳液处理废白土，蜡的回收率可达８０％，同时不破坏白土的颗粒结构。     

Sensitivity experiments and assessment of climatic changes in China induced by greenhouse effect

Climatic changes can be separated into two parts: natural changes -and human activity influenced on climatic changes. The observed data could not only show the effects caused by human activity. Several simulated results as simulated by the GCMs induced by the greenhouse effects in China .have been analysed. It is shown that an obvious warming of about 3-6℃ in winter and 2-5℃ in summer in China as simulated by the GCMs induced by doubling CO2 have been found. There are getting drier or wetter regions in China due to doubled CO2 as simulated by most of models. Comparing the simulated results with the observed data in China, some simulated results are able to be believed. The GCMs should be improved, especially in the regional areas.     

南海ODP1144孔微玻璃陨石物理化学性质及母源物质的复杂性

ODP 184航次 114 4孔位于南海北部陆缘 (2 0°3.18′N ,117°2 5 .14′E ,水深 2 0 37m) ,在岩心样品中发现的微玻璃陨石主要赋存于 386 .17～ 386 .2 7mcd处 ,这些玻璃陨石主要以球形和椭球形为主 ,可见泪滴状、马鞍形、扁豆形、圆盘形、哑铃形、翼形、异形等形态和不规则状碎片。通过微玻璃陨石主量元素电子探针分析 ,并用Harker图解讨论了主量元素氧化物之间的相关性 ,同时结合Niggli参数进一步深入探讨微玻璃陨石的母源物质特征。研究结果表明 ,ODP114 4孔微玻璃陨石属于澳亚散落区内的普通型微玻璃陨石 ,其母源物质成分复杂 ,可能有两种或两种以上的物质组成 ,一种可能是化学成分没有太大变化的碎屑沉积岩 ,另一种可能是粘土及杂砂岩等。     

关于既有民用建筑定期安全检测与维修问题的探讨

分析了既有民用建筑的现状，论述了既有民用建筑进行定期安全检测与维修的重要性，建议国家应制定既有民用建筑定期安全检测与维修的相关法规，并加强管理，保证实现工程的设计使用年限及延长建筑物的使用寿命，最大程度地发挥投资效益。     

资源环境约束下的西北农业结构调整与产业化发展对策

西北地区农业资源有5个优势和水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱、区位偏僻、社会资源贫瘠四大制约因素。在资源约束下,农业结构调整与优化的3个主导方向是强化农牧结合,大力发展食草性畜牧业;发展高附加值、创汇型园艺植物;扩大农业空间,稳步发展沙漠农业。同时强调农业产业化,一要扩大产业化门路,二要延长产业链,三要提高档次。并提出改善、保护生态环境,发展生态经济型农业等5个方面的对策。     

浅谈我国农村环保法制建设

就我国现行的环保法律法规存在问题，以及对农村环保事业发展的影响进行了探讨，提出了健全和完善我国农村环保法制的设想．以促进农村环境保护的可持续发展。     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]