Modelling nitrogen fluxes at the landscape scale

The distribution and impacts of different nitrogen pollutants are inextricably linked. To understand the problem fully, the interactions between the different pollutants need to be taken into account. This is particularly important when it comes to abatement techniques, since measures to reduce emissions of one nitrogen pollutant can often lead to an increase in another. This project represents a step towards greater understanding of these issues by linking together new and existing nitrogen flux models into a larger framework. The modelling framework has been constructed and some of the nitrogen flows between fields, farms and the atmosphere have been modelled for a UK study area for typical farm management scenarios.     

Rapid amino acid cycling in arctic and antarctic soils

Amino acids constitute one of the largest inputs of organic nitrogen (N) to most polar soils and have been hypothesized to be important in regulating vegetational succession and productivity in Arctic ecosystems. Our understanding of amino acid cycling in these soils, however, is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the size and rate of turnover of the amino acid pool in a range of Arctic and Antarctic soils. Our results indicate that in polar soils with either high or low ornithogenic inputs the amino acid pool is small in comparison to the inorganic N pool (NO^–₃ and NH⁺₄). The free amino acid pool constituted only a small proportion of the total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool in these soils. Here we show that these low concentrations may be due to rapid use by the soil microbial community in both Arctic and Antarctic soils. The turnover of the amino acid pool in soil was extremely rapid, with a half-life ranging from 2 to 24 h, indicating that this N pool can be turned over many hundred times each summer when polar soils are frequently unfrozen. The implications of amino acids in N cycling and plant and microbial nutrition are discussed.     

Applying metabolic fingerprinting to ecology: The use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid screening of plant responses to N deposition

The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution.     

珠江三角洲经济区污水系统设计原则

分析了珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状；阐述了城市污水分散处理与集中处理的利弊；指出污水深度处理与回用是形成良性水循环的有效途径，更是经济可持续发展的必然要求；通过对已建排水系统存在问题的分析，探讨了珠江三角洲经济开发区污水系统的设计原则，认为污水系统规划要改变传统设计方法，应方便再生水回用，由经济、技术、地理等综合因素确定排水分区、污水厂厂址与数量，选择适合各排水区域水质水量的工艺流程，预留污水厂与再生水回用管线分期发展的空间，应优先选用国产污水处理设备，尽可能维持城市河涌自然生态。     

黄土滑坡的滑前地貌重建

以渭河中游陕西省宝鸡市李家窑滑坡为实例,在搜集大量资料的基础上,运用先进的软件给出了重建滑前地貌所必需的3个要素,即现今实际地貌形态、滑床面形态和滑动后的地貌形态,并进行了滑前地貌重建.依据重建的结果,得到了滑坡发生前的许多重要参数,如滑坡的稳定性、重量、体积、初滑角以及质心的滑动角度和释放的势能等.最后对该滑坡从滑前到现今各阶段的滑坡稳定性演化进行了分析.     

复杂矿井通风系统角联风路自动识别方法的研究

角联风路的识别与稳定性分析是矿井通风系统稳定性与可靠性分析理论中的核心内容之一。笔者对通风系统角联风路进行了深入的研究;分析了通路法的局限性,简化了角联风路的数学模型,提出了快速、准确、灵活的角联风路自动识别的新方法——节点位置法;编写了角联风路自动识别软件,并应用现场数据进行测试,将其结果与通路法的结果进行了比较分析;证明了节点位置法是切实可行的。     

基于ArcIMS的旅游安全管理系统

结合旅游业的特点,即综合性、敏感性、涉外性或国际性,提出旅游安全管理系统应该包括:灾前的防范系统、灾时的抗灾系统以及灾后的评估善后系统3大部分的设计思路。将相应的旅游重大危险源监控系统的功能定为:以行政监察、社会监督、行业自律和应急救援体系为主的宏观管理系统。阐述了Web GIS的优点并推荐了一种构建Web GIS的新技术———ArcIMS,利用ArcIMS的系统构建的旅游安全管理系统具有功能健全、管理方便、系统成熟和安全可靠的诸多优点;同时整个系统的构建相对于其他Web GIS系统的开发而言,技术难度比较低、开发速度比较快,而且系统运行相对稳定,减轻了系统维护的负担。最后,结合旅游安全信息流的特点,具体阐述了运用ArcIMS作为旅游安全管理系统的平台的合理性和可行性。     

基于速度的交通事故分析

速度对交通事故的发生以及严重程度有着直接影响,是道路交通事故的重要诱因之一。为了准确地反映速度与事故之间的关系,减轻由于速度因素所造成的交通事故的损失,笔者对国内外速度与交通安全的情况进行分析;研究了平均速度与事故危险性、速度离散度与事故率以及速度与事故严重性的关系;提出了加强速度管理,控制交通流平均速度和减小相邻路段的速度差值的对策。基于速度的交通事故分析,建议采用85%位车速作为控制速度的上限值;提出限速措施,以达到减少交通事故及其损失的目的。     

我国证券市场体制性缺陷与投资风险分析

与国民经济长期高增长相背离,证券市场出现了深幅下跌,投资者承受了巨大的投资风险,究其原因,体制性缺陷是重要因素之一。笔者认为,我国证券市场的体制性缺陷主要表现在市场经济环境不够完备、法律法规体系不十分健全、监管体制不力、证券市场的功能定位扭曲、股权分置问题久拖难决等方面。目前该体制性缺陷是导致我国证券市场长期下跌的重要原因,也给证券投资者带来了巨大的投资风险。只有加快改革、完善法律和监管体制,我国证券市场才能具有投资价值并健康发展。     

论对社会弱势群体的职业卫生与安全的法律保护

结合对“社会弱势群体”含义、产生原因的分析以及对我国社会弱势群职业卫生与安全法律保护现状的总结，本文指出了法律对社会弱势群体职业卫生与安全给予倾斜性保护的重要意义，并进一步提出了加强对社会弱势群体职业卫生与安全法律保护具体措施的设想。