某刚架拱桥荷载试验研究

为评定某刚架拱桥的实际承载能力,确定桥梁的实际运营状况并为后期的维修加固提供科学的依据,对该桥进行了现场荷载试验。荷载试验前结合桥梁专业有限元软件计算了设计标准荷载下桥梁结构各测量值的大小,荷载试验过程中对结构的挠度、应变、自振特性、冲击系数等参数进行了测试,随后将实测结果与理论分析结果进行了对比。分析结果表明:桥跨梁体实测的挠度校验系数介于0.74~0.92之间,未超出规范中1.0的限值,表明桥梁结构刚度具有一定的富余度,结构刚度实际工作性能较好。试验跨动力测试的模态与理论模态吻合较好,说明桥梁结构的刚度满足使用要求。该桥在正常使用状态下的承载能力不能满足要求,建议对该桥进行承载能力加固处理。     

Plant enhanced degradation of phenanthrene in the contaminated soil

The degradative characteristics ofphenanthrene, microbial biomass carbon, plate counts ofheterotrophic bacteria and most probable number （MPN） of phenanthrene degraders in non-rhizosphere or rhizosphere soils with uninoculating or inoculating phenanthrene degraders were measured. At the initial concentration of 20 mg phenanthrene/kg soil, the half-lives of phenanthrene in uninoculated non-rhizosphere soil, uninoculated rhizosphere soil, inoculated non-rhizosphere soil, and inoculated rhizosphere soil were measured to be 81.5, 47.8, 15.1 and 6.4 d, respectively, and corresponding kinetic data fitted first-order kinetics. The highest degradation rate of phenanthrene was observed in inoculated rhizosphere soil. The degradative characteristics of phenanthrene were closely related to the effects of vegetation on soil microbial process. Vegetation could enhance the magnitude of rhizosphere microbial communities, microbial biomass content, and heterotrophic bacterial community, but barely influence those community components responsible for phenanthrene degradation. Results suggested that combination of vegetation and inoculation with degrading microorganisms of target organic contaminants was a better pathway to enhance degradation of the organic contaminants in soil.     

Interaction effect of micro- and macro-organic on the biogeochemical function of the sediment and aquatic interface

Constructed stormwater infiltration basins have been broad applied in urban areas in terms of stormwater disposal and compensation of reduced groundwater recharge. However, stormwater derived from sediments accumulating in infiltration beds may act as a source of dissolved contaminants for groundwater. Concentrations of DO, NO3-N, NO2^--N, NH4^＋-N and PO4^3--P were monitored at multiple depth with time. The results showed that the occurrence of denitrificarion was restrained by sediments in term of no invertebrates. Under the conditions of invertebrates inoculated, the concentrations of DO, NO^3--N, NO2^＋-N, NH4^＋-N and PO4^3＋-P varied respectively with time and the occurrence of nitrification and mobilizing nitrate in the sediment. It is concluded that there exist the invertebrate activities such as building tubes and galleries and excreting faecal pellet which may increase water dispersion and enhance accessibility of nutrient, and stimulate microbial process effected in the sediment. Besides, the natural death and rot of worms were also found to be important factors of the invertebrate activities.     

山地火蔓延过程的三维模拟

本文以林火蔓延的模型为基础,运用OpenGL图形渲染的技术,考虑实时的地形坡度和风向,动态的显示实时火场边界,通过巧妙地将林火蔓延模型转变为计算机中的数据结构,结合粒子系统,在计算机上三维模拟重现了由单个火源引发的林火蔓延过程。这对于林火的辅助应急决策,有效地组织扑救,减少火灾损失,计算火灾引起的损失评估具有重要意义。     

填埋场封场覆盖技术及其工程质量控制

探讨了垃圾填埋场封场工程中的封场覆盖技术,分析了封场覆盖系统各组成部分的结构组成和功能,提出了封场覆盖系统的工程质量控制措施。     

北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜铬含量及其健康风险评估

对北京市97种蔬菜的345个蔬菜样品和54个菜地土壤中的铬含量进行了研究.结果表明,北京市菜地土壤中铬含量的含量范围、算术均值、中值、几何均值分别为25.4～86.3、44.5、42.2、43.4 mg·kg-1,均低于<土壤环境质量标准>中的蔬菜地土壤质量标准,但显著高于北京市土壤铬背景值.蔬菜铬的含量范围、算术均值和几何均值分别为0.4～1034、64.6、22.7μg·kg-1.叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜的铬平均含量显著高于特菜类,其它类型的蔬菜铬含量差异不显著.北京市本地产蔬菜和裸露地蔬菜的铬含量均分别显著高于市售外地产蔬菜和设施栽培蔬菜.甘蓝的铬富集系数较高,小白菜、云架豆和冬瓜次之,而西红柿、黄瓜、大葱、叶甜菜、萝卜、大白菜、茄子和辣椒和部分特菜等铬富集系数最低.北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入铬的量为每人50.5μg·d-1,目前已存在一定的潜在健康风险.     

7种化合物对新月藻的毒性效应及敏感度差异研究

以新月藻为受试生物,研究了阿特拉津、马拉硫磷、草甘膦、甲苯4种有机化合物和HgCl₂、NaAsO₂、K₂Cr₂O₇ 3种金属化合物对新月藻的毒性效应,探讨了新月藻对这些化合物的敏感度差异与特点及其机理,为这些物质的藻类急性毒性提供基础数据。结果表明,新月藻对阿特拉津、草甘膦、HgCl₂、NaAsO₂、K₂Cr₂O₇敏感度较高,而且响应大小与化合物浓度呈正相关趋势,对马拉硫磷和甲苯有一定响应,但随浓度变化趋势不明显;基于藻类光合作用的急性毒性检测方法,适用于检测可阻碍或抑制藻类光合作用中电子迁移、氧化还原、自由基等反应的毒物。     

城市典型高架复合道路交通噪声污染模拟及防治对策

与一般城市道路相比,城市高架复合道路通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂,交通噪声污染极为突出。选取深圳市典型的高架复合道路——春风高架和爱国高架进行实地监测,同时运用SoundPLAN软件模拟其噪声污染现状与安装声屏障后的降噪效果。根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路面等方面提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议。     

江苏省不同典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染调查

对江苏省南京和苏州12个典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染现状进行了凋查。结果表明,生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染程度随土地利用类型不同而污染程度有所不同,以工业用地为主的土壤中多环芳烃含量明显高于以农业用地为主的土壤,其总量呈现出由工业区用地到蔬菜瓜果用地逐渐降低的趋势。2个示范区4环及其以上PAH含量明显高于2环-3环PAH,主要为石化燃料高温燃烧造成;而以农业为主的蔬菜生产基地等,多环芳烃主要来源于石油类污染。     

江苏如东贝类养殖区重金属的含量分布特征及潜在生态风险评价

根据2010年3月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)对江苏省如东县贝类养殖区4次现场监测资料,着重对养殖区海水和表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征进行了分析,并对养殖区进行了生态环境质量评价及潜在生态风险评价。结果表明:海水中重金属污染程度顺序为Pb>Zn>Hg>Cu>As>Cd;表层沉积物中重金属的污染程度顺序依次为Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cd;表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态危害程度顺序依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn。4次调查结果的多种重金属的潜在生态风险指数(RI)均低于140,表明这些重金属对海洋生态系统的潜在生态风险属于低潜在生态风险水平,养殖环境良好。