磷矿浆催化氧化湿法脱硝研究

采用液相催化氧化NO_x的方法,通过磷矿浆中过渡金属离子的催化作用,达到净化电厂烟气中NO的目的。考察了烟气含氧量、吸收温度、磷矿浆固液比及气体流量对磷矿浆湿法脱硝的影响。结果表明,试验最佳条件为NO进口质量浓度670 mg/m~3、磷矿浆吸收温度25℃、固液比500 g/L、流量0.3 L/min、含氧量20%;优化条件下的磷矿浆脱除效率最高可达88.9%。随着磷矿浆湿法催化氧化脱硝反应的进行,p H值不断下降,导致磷矿浆逐渐失效,需补入新鲜矿浆,维持吸收液的p H值以保证良好脱硝率。     

城镇化过程中的流域面源污染时空变化

以斧头湖流域为研究对象,在野外调查的基础上,借助遥感和GIS技术,对2008年、2015年斧头湖流域土地利用格局、人畜排放进行分析,利用输出系数模型解析斧头湖的面源污染负荷时空分布及主要来源。结果表明:斧头湖流域2008～2015年面源总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）负荷输出分别从由原来的 2 915 和 178 t 增长至 3 252 和 202 t。城镇化发展使得农村耕地面积减少,耕地对TN的输出贡献比例降低,但是耕地化肥使用依然是TN最主要来源。城镇化使得居民区对面源贡献增大,特别是TP的贡献显著增加。随着人们生活水平的提高,畜禽养殖对面源污染的贡献也显著增加,应予以足够重视     

A 3D aerosol and visibility information system for urban areas using remote sensing and GIS

Currently, the depiction of urban air quality at boundary layer scale uses modelled climatic and land cover data. However, such models are difficult to verify, and only low to moderate accuracy may be achieved due to the complexity of the input data required and the reliance on assumptions about dispersion patterns. The provision of comprehensive air quality data to urban residents in city districts, at a level of detail commensurate with other Location-Based Services (LBS) which are time- and place-sensitive, has therefore not been possible. A method for urban air quality monitoring over cities at boundary layer scale, other than by the use of air quality models is presented here. The system presented uses empirical Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) data in near-real time, combining AOT data from AERONET with aerosol vertical profiles computed from twice-daily MODIS satellite images at 500 m resolution, to give three dimensional (3D) air quality data over the urban landscape. There has been no previous attempt to project the horizontal spatial distribution of aerosols from satellite image pixels into a vertical dimension to give a spatially comprehensive three dimensional record of air quality. The paper describes the sources and accuracy of the AOT data input to the system as well as its storage and retrieval on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, to provide air quality and visibility information according to user query at any 3D geographical location, including individual buildings or building floor.     

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in adipose tissues of patients with uterine leiomyomas and the association of these pollutants with seafood diet, BMI, and age

Background, aim, and scope  

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals can cause diseases in women, however, the relationships of these pollutants and uterine leiomyomas (UL), which are non-cancerous tumors of the uterus, are unclear. This study focused on the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metals in subcutaneous and visceral fat obtained from patients with UL and in subcutaneous fat of a control group of women without UL to determine if there were any correlations between concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals and the incidence of UL.     

煤基腐殖酸对外源砷胁迫下玉米生长及生理性状的影响简

为了筛选用于砷污染土壤治理的煤基腐殖酸,采用盆栽实验研究了施用不同种类和浓度的煤基腐殖酸及EDTA对外源砷胁迫下玉米株高、株鲜重、株干重、根干重、砷积累量、叶片抗氧化酶（POD,SOD和CAT）活性和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,11种供试煤基腐殖酸均促进了玉米生长,提高了叶片POD、SOD和CAT活性。其中6和10号腐殖酸可降低土壤砷活性和显著抑制玉米吸收和积累砷,而8和9号腐殖酸增加了土壤活性砷和显著促进了玉米对砷的吸收和累积,且不同程度地强于EDTA。除8和9号外,其余腐殖酸均可明显降低玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量。EDTA可显著促进玉米吸收和积累砷,且加剧了砷对玉米的危害。因此,8和9号供试煤基腐殖酸可以替代EDTA活化土壤砷,与植物配合以提高砷污染土壤的植物修复速度和效果,而6和10号供试煤基腐殖酸则可用于土壤砷钝化剂,以保证作物产品的安全。     

Rapid and efficient removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by the one-pot synthesized EDTA-modified magnetic nanoparticles

A facile one-pot process has been proposed to prepare the novel ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified magnetite nanoparticles (EDTA-MNPs). The bared Fe₃O₄ magnetite nanoparticles and EDTA-MNPs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, VSM, and X-ray diffraction. The application of the modified magnetite nanoparticles for metal ion uptake was studied using Ni²⁺ as a model. The adsorption was fast and the equilibrium was established within 5 min, and the adsorption kinetics of Ni²⁺ onto EDTA-MNPs followed the pseudo second-order chemisorption mechanism. Maximum adsorption capacity for Ni²⁺ reached as high as 41.3 mg/g at pH 6. The successive adsorption–desorption studies indicated that the EDTA-MNPs kept the adsorption and desorption efficiencies constant over ten cycles. Importantly, EDTA-MNPs were able to remove nearly 100 % of Ni²⁺ from real water.     

Al3+胁迫对茶园土壤微生物区系及生理群的影响

以茶园土壤为研究对象,通过外源添加Al3+溶液,研究了Al3+胁迫对茶园土壤微生物区系及生理群的影响.结果表明,茶园土壤中的不同种类的微生物对Al3+的敏感性不同,Al3+添加量升至0.8 g/kg时,放线菌、真菌有一定的耐受性,而细菌数量呈快速下降趋势,亚硝化细菌几乎不能成活,但随着Al3+添加量的进一步升高,放线菌...     

单宁为模板制备纳米二氧化钛 及其对钍的吸附性能

以杨梅单宁(BT)为模板,水热法合成纳米二氧化钛(BT-NTO)。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和TEM技术对BT-NTO的结构及形貌进行了表征。将BT-NTO用于吸附溶液中的Th~(4+),在溶液pH为3.5、温度为25℃、Th~(4+)初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,BT-NTO对Th~(4+)的吸附量为0.905 8 mmol/g;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程;溶液中共存的Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Yb~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、La~(3+)、Cl-、ClO4-离子对Th~(4+)吸附量影响较小;BT-NTO的重复使用性能较好。     

微波萃取肉类样品中的多氯联苯方法研究

用丙酮和正己烷（1＋1）的混合溶剂做萃取剂,采用微波萃取的方法提取动物肉类中的9个多氯联苯（PCBs）单体,通过弗罗里硅土和氧化铝净化后,在带ECD检测器的气相色谱上测定。取样量为2g时,多氯联苯（PCBs）在GC—ECD上响应的线性范围为11～100ng／g,研究的样品加标测定范围为11—500ng／g,检出限从5．3—13．3ng／g,平均加标回收率在98．7％-118％。     

煤基活性炭生产与再生研究

对煤基活性炭生产过程中的炭化、活化机理进行了简单的论述,分析了制备工艺中影响煤基活性炭质量的各种因素,从经济和环保角度出发,介绍了活性炭再生及其评价方法.最后,根据活性炭应用领域的不断扩大,介绍了我国活性炭生产的发展趋势..