Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

建筑废弃物回收再利用项目运作模式刍探

建筑废弃物处理是城市建设中的一大难题,如果实行简单填埋,不仅污染环境、造成资源浪费,而且也耗费政府大量财力。介绍了深圳市龙岗区通过创新招标方式,公开出让特许经营权,引入企业运用先进技术对建筑废弃物实行综合再利用的一些做法,同时对城市建筑废弃物回收再利用如何实现规模化和产业化发展,以及政府在推动循环经济发展方面如何将经济效益与社会效益有机结合提出了一些看法。     

水解(酸化)工艺预处理难降解有机废水应用技术分析

本文对水解(酸化)工艺进行了原理分析,论述了该工艺的优缺点,以及对后续工艺的影响.分析论述了该工艺对几种典型的难降解有机废水的降解机理.认为水解(酸化)作为难降解有机废水的预处理工艺具有很高的推广应用价值.     

利用微脉冲激光雷达分析上海地区一次灰霾过程

通过分析2008年6月至2009年5月期间浦东新区灰霾天气出现的特征,并以2008年12月19日至2008年12月21日一次典型的灰霾天气过程为例,利用激光雷达(Light laser detection and ranging,简称Lidar)数据资料反演得到气溶胶消光系数及其强度图和廓线图,结合地面气象数据和气溶胶观测资料,分析了此次灰霾天气形成的原因.一年的观测资料表明,上海地区冬季和春季易产生灰霾天气,冬季出现重度霾最多,秋季和夏季灰霾天气较少.较弱的太阳辐射以及静风、小风是导致灰霾天气发生的重要原因,且高湿度的霾天气对能见度影响更大.大气边界层(以下简称边界层)高度变化决定着灰霾天气发生的强度,当边界层高度在1km左右时,易发生轻微霾天气,当边界层高度降至600m左右时,易发生中度、重度霾天气,而太阳辐射强度变化决定着边界层高度的变化.轻微霾天气下,大气气溶胶垂直分布最强消光值约为0.15km-1,而重霾天气下可达0.30km-1以上.本次霾过程还受地面颗粒物排放的影响,主要是PM1和PM2.5,且在消光作用中散射性气溶胶的贡献大于吸收性气溶胶.轻微霾天气下PM2.5浓度为50μg·m-3,黑碳浓度为5000ng·m-3,浊度为200Mm-1,而重度霾时则分别达到200μg·m-3、24000ng·m-3和1400Mm-1.随着此次霾的出现,整层大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,550nm)不断增加,在重度霾时达到0.6左右,Angstrom指数在重度霾时显著降低,表明有大颗粒物导入,说明此次重度霾天气的发生还与气溶胶的输送有关.     

羊草草原碳循环过程的模拟与验证

根据内蒙古典型羊草草原碳通量和生物量观测数据,验证VIP(Vegetation Interface Proces-ses)模型,并模拟分析1958—2007年该生态系统碳循环特征及其与环境因子的相关关系。结果显示:VIP模型能够较准确地模拟地上生物量(R2=0.70)和净生态系统生产力NEP(R2=0.57)的变化趋势。羊草草原生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)、净初级生产力(NPP)和生态系统呼吸(Re)在1958—1973年间下降,1973—1993年间增长,1993年后又出现下降的趋势。与环境因子的相关性分析表明,GPP、NPP和Re随CO2和降水的增多而增大,随温度升高和降水的减少而降低,其中降水量与碳通量相关性最高,呼吸与温度、降水、CO2均存在一定程度的正相关关系。NEP年际变化较大,主要受控于年降水量,以228 mm为界,年降水量大于此值时,NEP为正的概率较大。     

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake, North China： Concentrations, sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.     

一株Zn抗性菌株的筛选鉴定及吸附条件优化

采用浓度梯度法从铅锌尾矿区与污水灌溉区土壤中筛选了一株Zn抗性放线菌,并通过形态与培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞壁组分与16SrRNA基因序列分析对该菌株进行了鉴定.同时,综合运用单因素试验与正交试验法对该菌株吸附Zn2+的条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌株CCNWHX72-14经鉴定为高加索链霉菌(Streptomyces ciscaucasicus),其对Zn2+的抗性达到845mg·L-1.锌胁迫生长曲线表明,该菌株在130mg·L-1Zn2+胁迫时生长良好,且最适培养时间为7d.各个单因素条件对该菌株吸附Zn2+的影响顺序为:接种量初始Zn2+浓度初始pH转速温度.该菌株吸附Zn2+的最佳条件为:初始Zn2+浓度为150mg·L-1,初始pH=5,接种量为1%,转速为60r·min-1,温度为28℃.菌株CCNWHX72-14在最佳条件下对Zn2+的吸附较具有良好的重复性与稳定性,最高吸附量可达51.05mg·g-1,该研究为进一步探讨链霉菌的Zn2+吸附机制及其在生物修复中的应用奠定了基础.     

Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water by UPLC-MS/MS

The method for detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was improved by optimizing the clean-up procedure to remove the matrix interference in pretreatment process, and was then applied to a survey of NDMA in both raw and finished water samples from five water treatment plants in South China. The NDMA concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 15.1 ng/L in raw water samples, and from 4.68 to 46.9 ng/L in finished water. The NDMA concentration in raw water was found to be related with nitrite concentration, and during the treatment, the NDMA concentration increased following ozonation but decreased after subsequent activated carbon treatment.     

垃圾渗滤液对黑麦草和高羊茅种子萌发的影响

为了解垃圾渗滤液作培养液时草本植物种子萌发的情况。以黑麦草和高羊茅两种草本植物种子为研究材料,分别研究了垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理站的渗滤液原液、渗滤液生物处理出水以及渗滤液最终出水在6个不同配比的稀释溶液(V渗滤液/V蒸馏水=1/0,3/1,1/1,1/2,1/3,1/4)下对这两种种子萌发的影响。结果显示:随着渗滤液稀释强度的降低,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均增加,V渗滤液/V蒸馏水为1/3时,种子发芽率均为最高,黑麦草种子发芽率达96%,高羊茅种子发芽率达79%。用渗滤液作培养液时,更有利于黑麦草种子的萌发;用最终出水作培养液时,更有利于种子的萌发。这两种不同的渗滤液,在不同配比的稀释浓度下对种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等均具有显著的生理作用。     

Shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands in the West Songnen Plain,China

In the past century, especially the past five decades, the grasslands of the West Songnen Plain, Northeast China, were rapidly converted into croplands and salinized wasteland, and experienced a fragmentation process that is still ongoing. Almost no information is available on the spatial-temporal changes of grasslands in this area. In this study, grassland cover change, agricultural reclamation and salinized wasteland expansion were investigated during the past five decades. Grassland fragmentation was studied based on four landscape metrics. The grassland cover change was detected from a time series of topographic maps from 1954, satellite images of Landsat TM in 1986, 1995, and 2000 using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). In addition, the land use changes were analyzed using a transition matrix of land use types, while the driving forces were explored according to climatic changes and socioeconomic developments. The results indicated a significant decrease in grassland area. Of the 1 418 945 ha of native grassland in 1954, approximately 64% was removed by 2000, while the number of patches (NP) increased from 865 to 2035 and the mean patch size (MPS) decreased from 1640 ha to 252 ha. During the whole study period, the average annual decrease rate of grassland was 34 894 ha/year. Cropland and salinized wasteland were the two main land use types into which grassland converted. During the past decades, obvious climatic changes occurred, which supplied a favorable potential environment for agricultural development but damaged grassland productivity. On the other hand, population, GDP and livestock number increased significantly as grassland quality decreased. According to the results, the shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands may well be explained by socioeconomic development and aided by changing climatic conditions.