不同主体功能定位的县域空间功能区划研究

文章通过判别分析法,尝试构建一套针对不同主体功能定位县通用的指标体系,以反映社会经济发展状况、生态环境保护重要性、国土空间开发支撑条件。通过在广西10个不同主体功能定位县的实践应用,将县域空间划分为城镇空间、农业空间和生态空间,重点开发区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区的城镇空间分别小于30%、20%和10%,农产品主产区的农业空间和重点生态功能区的生态空间均大于50%。研究成果为全省范围推广县域空间功能区划提供了科学依据。     

EDTA增强Cr(VI)共存时Burkholderia cepacia降解孔雀绿的效率

重金属共存严重抑制了微生物降解染料的效率,本研究拟采用EDTA螯合Cr提高Burkholderia cepacia C09G降解复合污染中孔雀绿的效率.实验结果表明,0.1 mmol·L~(-1)孔雀绿单独存在条件下,24 h的生物降解率达到96.2%;然而,在0.5 mmol·L~(-1)Cr(VI)共存条件下,60 h的降解率仅为6.7%.当加入0.5 mmol·L~(-1)EDTA螯合剂后,60 h时孔雀绿的降解率提高到18.8%.当EDTA浓度为0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,最佳螯合Cr(VI)的浓度为0.7 mmol·L~(-1),此时,60 h后孔雀绿的降解率达到35.3%,对Cr(VI)的吸附率为24.6%.此外,通过EDS、SEM、XPS分析证明,EDTA可以减小Cr(VI)的毒性,Burkholderia cepacia C09G可将吸附的Cr(VI)还原为Cr(III).     

热活化镁砂的表征、吸附性能及其对含油废水的处理效果研究

通过对镁砂进行改性试图提高其吸附性能,并用于处理含油废水。对镁砂进行热活化处理,并对处理前后的镁砂进行了X射线衍射分析、TG-DSC热分析及扫描电镜分析。再将热活化后的镁砂用于处理模拟含油废水,考察了焙烧温度、吸附剂用量、pH、温度等因素对模拟含油废水中COD去除效果的影响。根据实验结果,确定镁砂的热活化温度为500℃,利用热活化后的镁砂吸附去除模拟含油废水中的COD,处理后出水COD浓度可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

支撑环境污染第三方治理的标准体系构建研究

采用系统论及系统工程方法论,结合我国环境污染治理标准制定情况,构建了科学合理的支撑环境污染第三方治理的标准体系。标准体系包含4个子体系及22个专业领域,体系的建立可为形成环境污染第三方治理相关的共性技术、管理与服务标准提供理论参考。通过标准梳理工作,确定未来迫切需要制定一整套环境污染第三方治理绩效评价的相关标准。该研究成果能够强化环境污染第三方治理效果,完善环境污染第三方治理机制体制,对规范环境污染第三方治理技术与服务市场化应用具有一定的参考价值。     

人工快渗一体化设备在农村污水处理中的应用

针对农村污水的特点,结合湖北十堰地区农村污水处理工程案例,分析了以人工快渗技术为核心的一体化设备在实际应用中的运行效果和工艺优势。经过实际运行监测,工程处理出水主要水质指标可达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准,并且该工艺设备具有运行成本低、抗冲击负荷能力强、运行管理方便等优点,可有效地解决目前农村地区由于资金、技术、人才等因素限制造成的污水处理能力低和管理水平低的问题,是一种适合我国农村地区污水处理的工艺设备。     

不同污水处理工艺N_2O减排方法研究进展

污水处理过程中产生强温室气体N_2O的问题已经受到广泛关注,如何在保证处理效率的同时实现N_2O有效减排成为水处理领域面临的重要问题。综述了传统生物脱氮除磷工艺和同步硝化反硝化、反硝化除磷、厌氧氨氧化等新型污水处理工艺运行过程中N_2O的产生机理、减排方法和减排量,为相关领域的研究人员提供参考。     

Effect of barium sulfate modification on the SO2 tolerance of V2O5 /TiO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR reaction

Sulfur poisoning of V_2O_5/BaSO_4–TiO_2(VBT),V_2O_5/WO_3–TiO_2(VWT) and V_2O_5/BaSO_4–WO_3–TiO_2(VBWT) catalysts was performed in wet air at 350℃ for 3 hr,and activities for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_3 were evaluated for 200–500℃.The VBT catalyst showed higher NO_x conversions after sulfur poisoning than the other two catalysts.The introduction of barium sulfate contributed to strong acid sites for the as-received catalyst,and eliminated the redox cycle of active vanadium oxide to some extent,which resulted in a certain loss of activity.Readily decomposable sulfate species formed on VBT-S instead of inactive sulfates on VWT-S.These decomposable sulfates increased the number of strong acid sites significantly.Some sulfate species escaped during catalyst preparation and barium sulfate was reproduced during sulfur poisoning,which protects vanadia from sulfur oxide attachment to a great extent.Consequently,the VBT catalyst exhibited the best resistance to sulfur poisoning.     

Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials induced pulmonary surfactant inhibition, cytotoxicity, inflammation and lung fibrosis

Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.     

Influence of coagulation mechanisms and floc formation on filterability

Minimizing particles in water is a key goal for improving drinking water quality and safety.The media filtration process,as the last step of the solid–liquid separation process,is largely influenced by the characteristics of flocs,which are formed and controlled within the coagulation process.In a laboratory-based study,the impacts of the physical characteristics of flocs formed using aluminum sulfate on the filtration treatment of two comparative water samples were investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer and a filterability apparatus.In general,the optimum dosage for maximizing filterability was higher than that for minimizing turbidity under neutral p H conditions.For a monomeric aluminum-based coagulant,the charge neutralization mechanism produced better floc characteristics,including floc growth speed and size,than the sweep flocculation mechanism.In addition,the charge neutralization mechanism showed better performance compared to sweep flocculation in terms of DOC removal and floc filterability improvement for both waters,and showed superiority in turbidity removal only when the raw water had high turbidity.For the different mechanisms,the ways that floc characteristics impacted on floc filterability also differed.The low variation in floc size distribution obtained under the charge neutralization mechanism resulted in the flocs being amenable to removal by filtration processes.For the sweep flocculation mechanism,increasing the floc size improved the settling ability of flocs,resulting in higher filter efficiency.     

基于ES-VSP分布的交通状态对公交车动态排放的影响

为评估不同交通状态下公交车运行特征和排放水平的差异,现场采集广州市B9、226线路公交车的逐秒GPS数据,以ES-VSP（发动机负荷-机动车比功率）分布表征畅通、轻度拥堵和中度拥堵下的公交车运行特征,结合IVE（international vehicle emission）模型求得公交车平均排放因子并分析其差异.结果表明:①所测公交车的发动机低负荷区中bin11（-1.6 < ES ≤ 3.1,-2.9 kW/t ≤ VSP < 1.2 kW/t）频率范围为50.55%~83.39%,中度拥堵时bin 11频率是畅通时的1.1~1.3倍;② 3种交通状态下公交车的CO、VOC（运行产生的挥发性有机物）、VOC_evap（蒸发产生的挥发性有机物）、NO_x（氮氧化物）和PM（颗粒物）平均排放因子范围分别为7.63~11.40、0.26~0.46、0.68~1.56、0.32~0.51和0.72×10-2~1.28×10-2 g/km;③同种交通状态下,主干路公交车专用道和BRT车道的公交车的大部分污染物平均排放因子低于次干路混行车道、主干路混行车道,中度拥堵时主干路BRT车道的CO、VOC、VOC_evap、NO_x和PM平均排放因子相对其他道路最低,分别为7.66、0.27、0.87、0.32和0.75×10-2 g/km;④次干路混行车道、主干路混行车道的公交车污染物平均排放因子随交通状态愈加拥堵而增大,但畅通时主干路BRT车道的公交车行驶速度、加速度较高,导致CO平均排放因子较高,对应3种交通状态其比例为1.0:0.9:0.8.研究显示,交通状态对公交车运行和排放具有显著影响.