东南沿海环境因素对直升机的影响研究

东南沿海地区的高温、高湿等恶劣的自然环境条件,对在东南沿海的直升机正常使用构成了严峻的威胁。分析了东南沿海地区的气候特点和环境气候因素对直升机造成的影响,总结规律并提出防护建议以提高直升机东南沿海环境适应性。     

一体化污水处理工艺处理生活污水的实验研究

介绍一种新型一体化污水处理工艺的基本原理、运行和特点。对生活污水进行试验研究,考察COD、BOD5、TN、TP、SS的去除效果,去除率达90%以上,从中确定了最佳工艺参数。研究表明,该方法是一种高效、经济适宜的工艺,出水水质稳定、一体化和自动化程度高、投资和运行费用低、操作简便等优点,处理后水质能达到国家污水综合排放一级标准(GB8978-1996)。     

长江-黄河源寒区径流量波动变化的气候因素分析

长江－黄河源区属典型寒区,降水、冰雪融水等共同成为径流的补给来源,径流量的变化同时受到区域内降水量和气温变化的影响。采用互谱分析方法研究表明,长江、黄河源区降水与径流周期波动间的关系明显好于气温与径流之间的关系,降水对径流量的主要周期波动有较明显的控制作用。气温虽然对径流量的部分周期波动变化有一定的影响,但不如降水明显。相对来说,黄河源区降水对径流量的波动变化的影响要好于长江源区。20世纪80年代后期长江－黄河源区径流量大幅下降的主要原因是区域内降水量的减少。     

磷矿浮选废水治理的现状及发展趋势

阐述了我国磷矿浮选废水的危害性及处理现状,指出其处理方法的优点与不足。对磷矿废水处理的发展趋势进行了探讨,给出了生物处理法的简易流程,并就防治废水污染提出了几点建议。     

混凝土生态膜挂膜实验研究

将水泥、碎石、粉煤灰及活性材料CRLT-1等制作的透水混凝土生态膜在渠式反应器中进行挂膜实验,通过实验对2种挂膜方法进行了比较,对2种挂膜方法下填料上的生物量和生物活性及反应器对COD和NH3-N等指标的去除情况进行了测定和分析。结果表明,逐渐增加进水流量的循环挂膜法可以加快反应器启动,10d后COD的去除率稳定在69%左右,启动时间少于直接采用设计流量进水的循环挂膜法,2种情况下生物活性在4.19～4.85mgO2/g·h之间。     

农户环境认知、行为决策及其一致性检验——基于江苏农户调查的实证分析

农业环境的改善,关键在于农户。通过对江苏省206个农户样本的调查,考察了农户环境认知及行为决策状况,并对两者的一致性进行了检验。研究表明：在以总分为6分的认知问题中,得分在35分以下的农户占到了样本总量的787%,表明部分农户的环境认知程度比较低;在以总分为5分的行为决策问题中,得分在3分及以下的农户占到样本总量的563%,表明部分农户决策过程中对环境的考量不足;受教育程度对样本农户环境认知和决策都有显著的影响,农户环境认知与决策之间并不存在显著的因果性,土地面积、受教育程度、年龄、性别以及主要收入来源等变量对农户环境认知及行为决策影响的差异,在一定程度上解释了这种不一致性     

Characteristics of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in generic urban, roadside and industrial plant areas of Guangzhou City, China

Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.     

植物调节湿地CO2和CH4排放对淹水增强的响应

在闽江河口鳝鱼滩潮汐沼泽湿地设置有植物与无植物2种中宇宙,每种中宇宙设置对照(CK)、CK-20cm、CK-40cm 3种高程处理,以此模拟研究淹水增强对有无植物2 种中宇宙的CO₂和CH₄排放通量的影响.结果表明,淹水增强未显著改变植物的总生物量和植物株高,但增加植物地下生物量,减少植物地上生物量.在有植物中宇宙中,土壤氧化还原电位(ORP)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度随着淹水增强而增加.在无植物中宇宙中,DOC浓度也随着淹水增强而增加,但土壤ORP随淹水增强变化不显著.与CK相比,在CK-20cm和CK-40cm 2种高程处理中,有植物中宇宙中CO₂排放通量分别增加43%和61%,而CH₄排放通量则分别增加66%和84%.在无植物中宇宙中,CO₂和CH₄的排放通量随着淹水增强无显著变化.未来海平面上升50~100a内,有植被的潮汐沼泽湿地综合增温潜势会增加,土壤有机碳储量会显著下降;无植被的潮汐沼泽湿地综合增温潜势将下降,土壤有机碳储量不会显著改变.     

功能化多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离研究进展

功能化多孔材料拥有优越的CO_2吸附和存储性能,在燃煤电厂、玻璃炉窑、水泥厂、钢铁厂等高耗能工矿企业采用CO_2吸附技术,对CO_2减排、减缓温室效应具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,新型CO_2吸附材料呈现出廉价、易获取、高吸附率等趋势,当前研究重点集中在介孔硅、金属有机框架、沸石、活性炭、聚合物等的表面功能化。总结了上述典型吸附剂功能化的最新成果,重点介绍多孔吸附材料的功能化方法、吸附机理与吸附动力学的研究进展,并提出多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离的研究空间和发展趋势。