成都夏冬季PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征

利用大气细颗粒物水溶性组分及气态前体物在线监测设备(GAC-IC)对成都市2017年夏、冬两季大气PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子(WSIIs)及气态前体物进行了连续观测,对其污染特征及冬季一次典型污染过程进行了深入分析.结果表明,成都冬季PM_2.5质量浓度为100.2μg·m^-3,显著高于夏季(34.0μg·m^-3).WSIIs是PM_2.5的重要组成,对夏、冬季PM_2.5的贡献分别可达52.9%和53.3%.夏、冬季的二次离子(SNA)占WSIIs的比例分别为73.2%和87.6%,其中,SO₄^2-和NO^-₃分别是夏、冬季SNA的主导组分,对SNA的贡献分别为37.7%和59.7%.冬季NO^-₃/SO₄^2-比值(2.7)显著高于夏季(0.8),体现了移动源(尤其是机动车源)对该季节PM<...     

公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查有效性分析

根据公路建设项目特点,分析了公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收中存在的问题,从环境监测、环境管理和环境保护措施的执行情况等方面分析了公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查有效性因素,提出了对策和建议.     

Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.     

Characterization of the Songhua River sediments and evaluation of their adsorption behavior for nitrobenzene

The explosion at a plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation on 13 November,2005,and the spill of an estimated 100 t of toxic substances (nitrobenzene as the main component) into the Songhua River received worldwide attention.This study has focused on the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene that spilled onto sediments along the Songhua River,which was one of the efforts to evaluate the fate of nitrobenzene after the spillage event.The organic carbon contents of these sediments along the Songhua River ...     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...     

西藏地区气候特点及其对储存弹药的影响

研究了西藏地区的气候特点,与内地气候相比,认为其低温低湿和气温日较差大的特点会对弹药储存带来不利影响,在弹药管理中需要考虑这些特点的影响,为制定科学合理的管理措施打下基础.     

双室微生物燃料电池重金属毒性传感器的研制

构建了双室微生物燃料电池（double microbial fuel cells,DMFC）型毒性传感器分别对Cr（Ⅵ）、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+进行在线检测研究。通过对反应器进行优化,确定DMFC在外电阻为1 000 Ω时达到最大功率密度;外循环速率为0.933 4 mL·min-1时反应器运行较稳定。在最优条件下,通过监测铜离子来确定检测时间为60 min,清洗时间为10 min。在以上条件下进行重金属检测,结果表明4种重金属的检测范围分别为0.3~10、0.4~10、40~160、15~80 mg·L-1。抑制率可以用来验证反应器的可行性,检测范围内抑制率与重金属浓度呈现一定的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.959 7、0.979 5、0.944 1、0.936 6。并可得到相应的线性方程,这些方程可用于验证DMFC-传感器的稳定性。选取检测范围内的浓度进行验证,结果表明4种重金属的相对误差均小于11%,传感器相对稳定并可长期运行。     

用光伏污泥焚烧灰渣制备轻集料

针对工业污泥焚烧灰渣处置难的现状,以光伏污泥焚烧灰渣为主要原料制备轻集料。确定轻集料烧制的最佳条件为,黏土投加量为70%,MgO投加量为5%,污泥焚烧灰渣投加量为25%,预热温度为450 ℃,预热时间为15 min,焙烧温度为1 050 ℃,焙烧时间分别为10 min,所制备出的轻集料的抗压强度为9.52 MPa,堆积密度为867 kg·m-3,烧失量为0.12%,1 h吸水率为1.94%。所制得的轻集料强度高,吸水率小,符合《轻集料及其实验方法.第二部分：轻集料实验方法》（GB/T 17431.2-2010）的要求,可为光伏污泥焚烧灰渣资源化提供理论指导。     

粪秆混合厌氧发酵渗滤床工艺的消化性能

以玉米秸秆-牛粪为原料,利用自行设计的渗滤床反应器（Leach bed reactors）,对比研究了渗透液回流喷淋时间、喷淋量、发酵温度及粪秆比4因素对原料物能转化率的影响。结果表明：发酵结束后罐内物料的TS浓度在13%~15%之间,属于高浓度发酵范畴;9样品产气峰值出现在发酵后的10~14 d,物能转化率排序为L6 > L2 > L9 > L7 > L1 > L8 > L4 > L5 > L3;TS产气率相对较高的共同特点主要为35 ℃中温、较高的渗滤液回流量以及较高的粪秆比。通过TS产气率的直观分析,4因素对实验结果影响大小排序分别为发酵温度> 粪秆比 > 喷淋量 > 喷淋时间间隔,得到的最佳工况参数为喷淋时间间隔2 h、喷淋量4 L、发酵温度35 ℃、粪秆比1∶1,此条件下得到的平均TS产气率为（98.4±3.5）mL·g-1。方差分析结果表明,发酵温度、粪秆比及喷淋量对产气结果影响极显著,为控制渗滤床发酵工艺的主要参数。     

城市干污泥热解气化

针对包头市南郊污水处理厂污水污泥,采用先热解后对热解残渣进行气化的方法探讨城市污泥的有效利用方式。污泥热解实验取升温速率（20~60℃·min-1）和终温（400~600℃）作为影响因素,得出各热解产物产率的变化规律。结果表明,污泥热解在终温为600℃时失重率达到57.53%,焦油产率在450℃达到峰值。污泥残渣的气化分别以水蒸气和CO2作为气化剂,探讨了800~1 000℃范围内的气化产品气组分变化规律。以水蒸气为气化剂时,污泥热解残渣的可制备富氢产品气,产品气中H2体积分数随着反应温度的增加而增加,1 000℃时H2含量可达68.83%,H2+CO含量达到81.36%,低位热值为9.18 MJ·Nm-3。以CO2作为气化剂时,产品气中富含CO,温度越高CO含量越高,1 000℃时到达最大值53.84%,产品气低位热值为7.25 MJ·Nm-3。