全文获取类型
收费全文 | 255417篇 |
免费 | 16058篇 |
国内免费 | 40148篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 23799篇 |
废物处理 | 11659篇 |
环保管理 | 29244篇 |
综合类 | 105343篇 |
基础理论 | 47838篇 |
环境理论 | 211篇 |
污染及防治 | 54631篇 |
评价与监测 | 16663篇 |
社会与环境 | 15118篇 |
灾害及防治 | 7117篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 854篇 |
2023年 | 3951篇 |
2022年 | 9446篇 |
2021年 | 9490篇 |
2020年 | 8955篇 |
2019年 | 7143篇 |
2018年 | 8359篇 |
2017年 | 10108篇 |
2016年 | 10269篇 |
2015年 | 9784篇 |
2014年 | 11558篇 |
2013年 | 21159篇 |
2012年 | 16278篇 |
2011年 | 18182篇 |
2010年 | 15855篇 |
2009年 | 15656篇 |
2008年 | 16050篇 |
2007年 | 15735篇 |
2006年 | 14680篇 |
2005年 | 11355篇 |
2004年 | 8806篇 |
2003年 | 7756篇 |
2002年 | 6904篇 |
2001年 | 6298篇 |
2000年 | 5348篇 |
1999年 | 3677篇 |
1998年 | 2506篇 |
1997年 | 2271篇 |
1996年 | 2282篇 |
1995年 | 2331篇 |
1994年 | 2067篇 |
1993年 | 1538篇 |
1992年 | 1545篇 |
1991年 | 1382篇 |
1990年 | 1266篇 |
1989年 | 1152篇 |
1988年 | 1021篇 |
1987年 | 910篇 |
1986年 | 862篇 |
1985年 | 872篇 |
1984年 | 896篇 |
1983年 | 825篇 |
1982年 | 923篇 |
1981年 | 820篇 |
1980年 | 629篇 |
1979年 | 687篇 |
1978年 | 588篇 |
1977年 | 514篇 |
1975年 | 467篇 |
1974年 | 461篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
291.
Magnuson ML Kelty CA Urbansky ET Owens JH Kelty KC Speth TF 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2002,4(1):102-108
Analytical chemistry is an important tier of environmental protection and has been traditionally linked to compliance and/or exposure monitoring activities for environmental contaminants. The adoption of the risk management paradigm has led to special challenges for analytical chemistry applied to environmental risk analysis. Namely, methods developed for regulated contaminants may not be appropriate and/or applicable to risk management scenarios. This paper contains examples of analytical chemistry applied to risk management challenges broken down by the analytical approach and analyte for some selected work in our laboratory. Specific techniques discussed include stable association complex electrospray mass spectrometry (cESI-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), split-flow thin cell (SPLITT) fractionation and matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS). Specific analytes include haloacetic acids (HAA9), perchlorate, bromate, triazine degradation products, metal-contaminated colloids and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. 相似文献
292.
B. Beck-Friis M. Pell U. Sonesson H. Jönsson H. Kirchmann 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,62(3):317-331
Composting can be a source of N2O andCH4 production. In this investigation, differentcompost heaps of organic household waste weremonitored with the focus on potential formation ofCH4 and N2O in the heaps and emission ofthese gases from the heaps. The studied compost heapshad different compost ages, turning intervals andcompost sizes. The analysed compost gases containedbetween 1–3421 L of N2O-N L-1 and 0–470 mL of CH4 L-1. The emission rates ofN2O and CH4 from the compost heaps werebetween 1–1464 mg N2O m-2 day-1 and0–119 000 mg CH4 m-2 day-1. These verylarge differences in compost gas composition andemission indicate the importance of compostmanagement. The results also give an understanding ofwhere in the composting process an increasing emissionof N2O and CH4 can occur. 相似文献
293.
In the aquatic environment, the accumulation of chemicalcontaminants by sediments poses a potential threat to endemiclife forms and drinking water resources. Trace metals such asCd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and toxic organic compounds, are among awide variety of contaminants having an affinity for sediments.In this study, experiments were performed simulating sedimentresuspension in the lower Housatonic River, Connecticut, using aParticle Entrainment Simulator. Analyses of grain sizedistributions, porosities and total organic contents of thesediments suggested that these parameters influence theredistribution and entrainment of settleable solids in the watercolumn. These findings were established by evaluating the impactof one parameter on sediment resuspension as a function ofstream flow with the other two characteristics being heldconstant. Total suspended solids and volatile suspended solidsresuspension concentration ranged from 3.2 to 20648.3 mg L-1,and 1.5 to 1823.8 mg L-1, respectively, with subsequentincreases in flow rates from 9 to 6 dynes cm-2. The resuspension concentrations were augmentedby sediment porosity (22.0 to 57.5%), percent finer grain-size distributions at 0.1 mm, and total organic content (2.7 g kg-1 to 29.0 g kg-1). Using K
p values, and the dissolvedcontaminant levels of various trace metals, the particulatecontaminant levels of the metals were determined under variousoscillation rates. As sediment resuspension increased withincreased stream flow, there was an overall general increasefrom 0.02 to 33.6 g L-1 in the particulatecontaminant levels of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. 相似文献
294.
The importance of temperature in assessing iron pipe corrosion in water distribution systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Temperature is expected to play a significant role in the corrosion of iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems. Temperature impacts many parameters that are critical to pipe corrosion including biological activity, physical properties of the solution, thermodynamic and physical properties of corrosion scale, and chemical rates. Moreover, variations in temperature and temperature gradients may give rise to new corrosion phenomena worthy of consideration by water treatment personnel. 相似文献
295.
A positive correlation has been established between increased levels of airborne particulate pollution and adverse health effects, the toxicological mechanisms of which are poorly understood. For toxicologists to unambiguously determine thesemechanisms, truly representative samples of ambient PM10 are required. This presents problems, as PM10 collecting equipment commonly employed, such as the Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM®), heat the inflow toexclude moisture or use fibrous filters, resulting in a PM10sample that may have undergone significant chemical change on thefilter surface or is contaminated by filter fibres. Other systems(i.e. Negretti and Partisol) can successfully collect PM10 without chemical alteration or filter contamination. Comparativecollections from Port Talbot, S. Wales suggest that TEOMs and Negretti/Partisol systems collect different PM10's; the principle difference arising from the TEOM's heating chamber, which precipitates water-soluble ions and volatilises some organic components. This results in both the mass and compositionof the PM10's being altered. Particle size distributionsfor Negretti and Partisol collections highlighted differences mainly attributed to different flow rates. The results of thiswork demonstrate that simple correlations between PM10 massand adverse health effects are problematic. Furthermore, elucidation of the complex fractionation and chemical changes indifferent collectors is necessary. 相似文献
296.
Forest area figures, at a given point in time and for a given region of interest, differ considerably, affecting the calculation of deforestation rates and thus confuse the political and scientific discussion on the state and change of the resource forest. This article discusses the variation of published forest cover figures, using Costa Rica as an example. A list of published figures on the forest cover of Costa Rica from 1940 onwards is analyzed. Reasons for the differences are hypothesized and discussed. These differences are mainly in the definition of forest and forest classes included, in the type of the studies conducted (mapping and/or sampling), in the precision of the estimates, and in the information sources used. It is concluded that part of the problem is inherent in the nature of the resource `forest'. Quality and completeness of the presentation of the forest cover estimates are a clue to their correct understanding and interpretation. The latter point being especially relevant, as forest cover data have both a technical-scientific and a political meaning and are used as relevant arguments in many discussions. In the example of Costa Rica, a general downward trend is observed up to about 1985/1990, whereas after that forest area figures are on the average at a markedly higher level. Some hypotheses for this change in the trend are discussed. 相似文献
297.
The various analytical protocols that have been developed to aid the measurement of nitrite within environmental samples have been critically appraised and their applicability to field measurement assessed. The present communication presents a perspective on current techniques and technologies encompassing spectroscopic, electrochemical and chromatographic methodologies and highlights those that are liable to emerge in the near future. Commercial devices have been included and where appropriate the advantages and limitations posed by their operation within field contexts have been described. 相似文献
298.
A D-trans-allethrin-based mosquito repellent coil formulation was used continuously in a room for 30 d. Two different experiments were conducted and the deposition of residues on different surfaces of the room was determined. Studies were conducted continuously for a period of 30 d in a fully closed room and in another room kept open for 14 h per day. The residues deposited on different surfaces, ceiling, side walls and floor, were measured. The results showed the accumulation of high concentrations of allethrin on all the surfaces of the room when the room was in a fully closed condition. Samples collected from the ceiling showed residues of D-trans-allethrin of 6.34-148.63 microg m(-2) during the 30 d study, the side walls 4.68-170.72 microg m(-2) and the floor 20.00-184.52 microg m(-2) Maximum residues were observed in 30 d samples collected from the ceiling and floor. The residual concentrations were nearly 10 times higher in samples collected from the closed room. Discontinuation of the use of the mosquito repellent after 30 d led to a gradual decrease in the concentrations of residues on all the surfaces. The influence of environmental parameters on the dissipation of residues was also studied. 相似文献
299.
通过对昌吉州近年生态环境保护工作及建设的概述,并对“八五”末期和“九五”末期生态环境现状的对比,说明昌吉州生态环境存在的问题,为生态环境保护规划和生态建设决策提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
300.
A statistical quality control approachto detect changes in groundwater quality from aregulated waste unit is described. The approachapplies the combined Shewhart-CUSUM control chartmethodology for intrawell comparison of analyteconcentrations over time and does not require anupgradient well. A case study from the U.S.Department of Energy's Hanford Site is used forillustration purposes. This method is broadlyapplicable in groundwater monitoring programs wherethere is no clearly defined upgradient location, thegroundwater flow rate is exceptionally slow, or wherea high degree of spatial variability exists inparameter concentrations. This study also indicatesthat the use of the Data Quality Objectives (DQO)process can assist in designing an efficient andcost-effective groundwater monitoring plan to achievethe optimum goal of both low false positive and lowfalse negative rates (high power). 相似文献