三峡库区规模化顺坡沟垄果园氮、磷输出过程及流失负荷

通过对三峡库区顺坡垄沟构型的规模化柑橘园集水区次降雨过程径流氮、磷进行动态监测,分析典型降雨事件氮和磷流失负荷,并探讨了规模化柑橘种植对土壤氮磷流失及入库河流水环境的影响.结果表明:①顺坡沟垄柑橘园集水区径流氮和磷年流失负荷分别为13.43 kg·(hm²·a)^-1和1.26 kg·(hm²·a)^-1,春季施肥及强降雨冲刷是集水区污染物高负荷的主要原因;②集水区全年总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的EMC为8.49 mg·L^-1和0.87 mg·L^-1,超过发生水体富营养化含量标准;③春季施肥后的2场典型降雨中,长历时暴雨径流硝态氮(NN)和溶解态磷(DP)负荷为4.94 kg·hm^-2和0.28 kg·hm^-2,分别占TN和TP流失负荷的92.90%和64.69%;短历时大雨径流NN和DP负荷为0.52 kg·hm^-2和0.05 kg·hm^-2,分别占TN和TP的65.92...     

高氯酸铁可见分光光度法测定水中叠氮化物研究

基于Fe³⁺显色技术,建立了测定地表水、地下水、生活污水和工业废水中叠氮化物的高氯酸铁分光光度法。研究结果表明:N₃^-与Fe³⁺反应生成的棕红色络合物的特征吸收峰为454 nm;氨基磺酸铵可有效掩蔽NO₂^-的干扰,蒸馏能消除色度、CN^-、SCN^-硫化物等对测定的影响;当取样体积为150 mL、蒸馏定容体积为100 mL、使用10 mm比色皿时,方法检出限为0.08 mg/L(以N₃^-计),测定下限为0.32 mg/L;平均回收率为88.0%¹04%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.3%～5.6%。对实际工业废水样品进行了测定,结果为1.37 mg/L。该方法准确度高、精密度好、操作简单,能够满足水污染物排放标准中叠氮化物的测定要求。     

大中型商场PM10、PM2.5污染水平与来源分析

利用便携式气溶胶监测仪,对平顶山市区的中原商场、商业大楼、食品城总店三家大型商场不同楼层空气PM10和PM2.5进行了现场测定。结果显示,平顶山市大中型商场可吸入颗粒物污染严重,PM10、PM2.5污染平均超标率分别为13.7%和48.0%;PM10、PM2.5的质量浓度在时间和空间分布上存在很大差异;PM10中PM2.5所占比例为83%。     

2001～2007年天山南坡中段不同植被类型NDVI变化分析——以新疆和静县为例

利用MODIS数据建立近7年和静县NDVI时间序列,通过采用均值法、最大合成法和一元线性回归法,分析了该区不同植被类型年内变化、年际变化趋势.结果表明,和静县植被季相变化明显,不同植被类型变化幅度差异显著;近7年大部分地区植被存在退化趋势,局部区域植被有所改善;不同植被类型退化程度从大到小为荒漠草原＞荒漠植被＞草原＞高山垫状植被＞高寒草原＞草甸 沼泽＞落叶阔叶林＞耕地;平原区植被NDVI的变化主要受人为活动的影响.山区植被NDVI除受季节性放牧影响外,更多的受气候变化的影响.     

公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查有效性分析

根据公路建设项目特点,分析了公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收中存在的问题,从环境监测、环境管理和环境保护措施的执行情况等方面分析了公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查有效性因素,提出了对策和建议.     

广东省地方污染物排放标准的特点

介绍了广东省地方污染物排放标准中的《水污染物排放限值》和《大气污染物排放限值》的主要特点 ,对今后标准修订提出了建议     

赤潮研究的现状与展望

赤潮已成为一种严重的海洋灾害 ,引起沿海国家和地区的重视 ,并成为研究的热点。文章从赤潮发生的机理、赤潮管理与减灾等方面论述了赤潮研究的现状 ,并提出今后研究的重点。     

Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.     

Characterization of the Songhua River sediments and evaluation of their adsorption behavior for nitrobenzene

The explosion at a plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation on 13 November,2005,and the spill of an estimated 100 t of toxic substances (nitrobenzene as the main component) into the Songhua River received worldwide attention.This study has focused on the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene that spilled onto sediments along the Songhua River,which was one of the efforts to evaluate the fate of nitrobenzene after the spillage event.The organic carbon contents of these sediments along the Songhua River ...     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...