Hydrogeochemical characterization and groundwater quality assessment in intruded coastal brine aquifers (Laizhou Bay,China)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aquifer in the coastal area of the Laizhou Bay is affected by salinization processes related to intense groundwater exploitation for brine...     

国外企业环境责任研究综述

迄今,西方社会早已迈过严重污染阶段(如雾霾),环境责任承担(CER)几乎成为跨国企业的标准范式,全面回顾国外CER研究对深处环境危机中的中国来说具有很强的现实意义。本文回顾了国外学术界从商业伦理、利益相关者管理、战略管理、环境行为及环境绩效视角的CER研究,归纳总结了CER概念主张及维度测量。研究发现,制度环境、市场状况、产业现状、利益相关者等是促成企业CER行动的外部因素,而企业规模、发展战略、治理结构以及技术条件等是制约CER行动的内部因素,内外多种因素的整合作用决定企业CER行为。此外,研究还发现,CER可以提升资源利用效率、降低成本费用与提升技术能力等,还能够帮助企业获得良好声誉和改善品牌形象,在一定条件下也可帮助企业建构可持续竞争优势,甚至对企业的财务绩效产生积极影响。最后,本文展望了CER研究的全球本土化、创新性、实务性以及中小企业化等发展方向,并分析探讨了国外CER研究对中国本土研究和CER实务的启示。     

一个三维水质预测模式在茂名近海的应用

通过建立一个三维陆架海数值模式来预报近海潮流、COD和油类浓度的对流扩散,并应用于沿岸海区—茂名近海海域的工程前期数值预测。预测结果表明,海区潮流的涨落与实测结果吻合;污染物在近海对流、扩散情形基本合理。这表明该模式可适合应用于河口、近岸等涉海海洋工程海域的流场及水质的三维数值预测,为相关的水动力环境要素和水质影响评价提供一定的参考价值。     

正交优化制备污泥水解蛋白质的实验研究

以武汉市污水处理厂剩余活性污泥为原料,在不同加水量、温度和催化条件下水解制备水解蛋白质,并通过正交试验优化了剩余污泥水解的反应条件。结果表明,当时间固定在6h时,以固液比(此为鲜泥与加水量的质量之比)为1∶2,温度1200℃,盐酸催化(pH为1.5)为水解反应的最佳条件。本研究为污泥水解蛋白液的制备及污泥处理的减量化、无害化和资源化提供了理论支持和数值依据。     

循环式准好氧垃圾填埋场渗滤液电解效果比较

分别用三种不同材料电极(不锈钢、SPR、DSA)作阳极、石墨电极作阴极在同一条件下分别对循环式准好氧填埋垃圾场渗滤液进行电解处理对比研究。研究结果表明:随着电解时间的变化,渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、BOD5/COD、Cl-浓度、色度、pH值均会发生改变。当电解时间为10￣20min时,用三种电极电解均会出现渗滤液COD、BOD5、BOD5/COD增大的现象,其中用SPR电极作阳极电解的渗滤液的BOD5/COD可达0.7;当电解时间为30￣40min时,用SPR或DSA电极作阳极电解均可使渗滤液的色度降为0;当电解时间为120min时,用三种电极作阳极电解都可使渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、Cl-得到有效的去除,其中用SPR电极作阳极电解对COD、BOD5、Cl-的去除效果最好。     

稀水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原研究

以甲醇、正丙醇、丙三醇和苯酚作为俘获剂,研究稀水溶液中Cr(VI)的光催化还原过程,考察Cr(VI)在催化剂表面上的界面吸附行为及溶液pH值、俘获剂类型等对其光催化还原过程的影响.结果表明,溶液pH值对Cr(VI)吸附的影响为:(1)溶液pH<2.4时,随pH值升高,吸附量减少;(2)pH值在2.4-5.0时,随pH值的升高,吸附量上升,在pH＝5.0时吸附量达到最大;(3)pH>5.0时,吸附量迅速下降.但溶液pH值对Cr(VI)光催化还原的影响与其对Cr(VI)吸附的影响存在显著差异,随pH值的升高,Cr(VI)的还原率下降,在溶液pH＝1.0时60min内可还原完全,而在pH＝9.0时经相同时间后Cr(VI)仍残余65.18%.俘获剂类型对Cr(VI)的还原也有一定影响.     

罗得河积水区地表径流中铝形态的变化

美国东部地区的罗得河流域遭受严重的酸沉降侵蚀,对流域和内湖生态系统产生致毒影响。监测地表水和土壤水中的铝形态及浓度变化是问题关键。该文应用自行设计的改进ＭＩＮＱＬ微机模型对该地区地表径流中铝 动力学变化规律了分析,得出有价值的论述。     

环境预测中灰色模型的EXCEL解法

提出了利用EXCEL应用软件建立GM（1,N）预测模型的建模方法,并结合实例介绍了建立河流高锰酸盐指数GM（1,3）模型的操作过程。     

Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery

For monitoring and controlling the extent and intensity of an invasive species, a direct multi-date image classification method was applied in invasive species (salt cedar) change detection in the study area of Lovelock, Nevada. With multidate Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral data sets, two types of hyperspectral CASI input data and two classifiers have been examined and compared for mapping and monitoring the salt cedar change. The two types of input data are all two-date original CASI bands and 12 principal component images (PCs) derived from the two-date CASI images. The two classifiers are an artificial neural network (ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The experimental results indicate that (1) the direct multitemporal image classification method applied in land cover change detection is feasible either with original CASI bands or PCs, but a better accuracy was obtained from the CASI PCA transformed data; (2) with the same inputs of 12 PCs, the ANN outperforms the LDA due to the ANN’s non-linear property and ability of handling data without a prerequisite of a certain distribution of the analysis data.     

The research of air pollution based on spectral features in leaf surface of Ficus microcarpa in Guangzhou, China

Nowadays development of industry and traffic are the main contributor to city air pollution in the city of GuangZhou, China. Conventional methods for investigating atmosphere potentially harmful element pollution based on sampling and chemical analysis are time and labor consuming and relatively expensive. Reflectance spectroscopy within the visible-near-infrared region of vegetation in city has been widely used to predict atmosphere constituents due to its rapidity, convenience and accuracy. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using leaves reflectance spectra of vegetation as a rapid method to simultaneously assess pollutant (S, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, XCl, XF) in the atmosphere of the Guangzhou area. This article has studied the spectral features of polluted leaf surface of Ficus microcarpa in 1985 and 1998. According to the analysis, comprehensive assessment for the change of atmospheric condition and degrees of pollution were given. This conclusion was confirmed by the monitored data got from chemical analysis. Future study with real remote sensing data and field measurements were strongly recommended.