Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

图书馆防灾减灾管理制度初探

图书馆是人们获取知识信息的公共场所,它的安全也应该引起我们的重视.本文从编制图书馆灾害应急预案、建立健全各种规章制度、加强对图书馆工作人员应对灾害能力的培训、健全各种应急设备、数字馆藏容灾制度等几个方面论述了图书馆防灾减灾的方法与手段.     

1954～2008年衡阳冰冻特征及变化趋势分析

利用1954～2008年街阳8个地面气象观测站数据,对其年代际间曲线和气侯趋势系数进行综合分析,结果表明:衡阳冰冻的年代际间变化经历了上世纪70年代的活跃期,50、90年代的低谷期,目前向正常方向发展.年平均出现冰冻24.5站次,冰冻多发年的出现机率有所加大,但仍处于较低水平.1月中旬～2月上旬是冰冻相对集中时段,其中1月下旬是全年出现冰冻最多旬,而该旬并非气温最低时段.形成冰冻的有利条件是日平均气温0～-1℃,小～中等降雨(雪)过程,日平均风速5.0 m/s以下.衡阳的冰冻发生存在地域性特点,自北向南逐渐减少.轻度冰冻、中等冰冻和重度冰冻各占69.3%、25.4%和5.3%.     

1954-2008年衡阳冰冻特征及变化趋势分析

利用1954-2008年衡阳8个地面气象观测站数据,对其年代际问曲线和气候趋势系数进行综合分析,结果表明-衡阳冰冻的年代际间变化经历了上世纪70年代的活跃期,50、90年代的低谷期,目前向正常方向发展。年平均出现冰冻24.5站次,冰冻多发年的出现机率有所加大,但仍处于较低水平。1月中旬-2月上旬是冰冻相对集中时段,其中1月下旬是全年出现冰冻最多旬,而该旬并非气温最低时段。形成冰冻的有利条件是日平均气温0— -1℃,小-中等降雨（雪）过程,日平均风速5.0m／s以下。衡阳的冰冻发生存在地域性特点,自北向南逐渐减少。轻度冰冻、中等冰冻和重度冰冻各占69.3％、25.4％和5.3％。     

土壤元素背景值的研究——以南方某区域为例

依据南方某区域农业地质与生态地球化学调查取得的区域地球化学资料,按照不同土壤类型求取了研究区的土壤元素背景值,并分别与该区域所在省和全国平均水平进行横向和纵向比较,进而对研究区土壤中各元素及指标的丰缺状况进行分析,从而对现有土壤利用状况作出评价,为该地区土壤污染评价和治理修复提供了重要的地球化学依据,也为农业环境的规划和相应标准的制定提供了基础资料.     

福州地区农业用地土壤重金属环境容量评价

运用GIS技术,依据福州地区土壤背景值资料,采用综合指数法对福州地区农业用地进行土壤重金属环境容量评价,划分出高容量区、中容量区、低容量区、警戒区和超载区5个等级,并依据所得评价结果,对福州地区农业用地的规划与布局提出了建议.     

Characterization of refuse landfill leachates of three di erent stages in landfill stabilization process

Landfill leachates with di erent ages (mature leachate, 11 years; semi-mature leachate, 5 years; fresh leachate, under operation) were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, Shanghai to characterize the colloid size distribution and variations of leachate. These leachates were separated using micro-filtration and ultra-filtration into specific size fractions, i.e., suspended particles (SP) (> 1.2 m), coarse colloids (CC) (1.2–0.45 m), fine colloids (FC) (0.45 m, 5 kDa/1 kDa molecular weight (MW)), and dissolved organic matters (DM, < 5 kDa/1 kDa MW). The specific colloids in each size fraction were quantified and characterized through chemical oxygen demands (COD), total solid (TS), pH, NH4 +-N, total organic carbon (TOC) and fixed solid (FS). It was found that COD, NH4 +-N and TS in leachate decreased significantly over ages, while pH increased. The dissolved fractions (< 5 kDa/1 kDa) dominated (over 50%) in three leachates in terms of COD, and the organic matter content in dissolved fraction of leachates decreased and the inorganic matter increased as the disposal time extended, with the TOC/COD ratio 30%–7%. Dissolved fractions decreased from 82% to 40% in terms of TOC as the disposal time extended, suggested that the organic matter remained in leachate would form into middle molecular weight substances during the degradation process.     

乌昌地区资源型产业的集聚特征及其城市化效应研究

以能矿资源为基础原料的资源型产业是工业发展的重要动力,对于资源型产业正处于兴盛期的城市发展更是具有明显的推动作用。论文将资源型产业作为单个影响因素,采用产业结构变动值、产业结构变动系数、产业结构熵数和区位熵等方法,选择典型干旱区城镇发展区域乌昌地区,对该区域资源型产业的时空演化和集聚特征及其对绿洲城镇发展的作用采用定性和定量相结合的方法进行深入分析。结果表明:资源型产业对乌昌地区产业集聚的地域、类型、工业内部结构以及城市的扩展方式和空间结构产生了重要影响;受绿洲城镇分散性的影响,资源型产业对乌昌地区空间结构的影响表现为轴向扩展和圈层扩展并进;资源型产业选择就近城市转移,对于较远的县市集聚大于扩散,中心城镇的辐射带动作用较弱。     

天津滨海新区地面沉降趋势预测

在分析天津市滨海新区地面沉降概况及灾害的基础上,利用天津地面沉降监测网26年的水准测量资料,采用数据拟合和多核函数方法,研究了天津滨海地区地面沉降随时间的变化规律,对滨海地区地面沉降的趋势进行预测。结果表明地面沉降这一"缓发型"的地质灾害一旦致灾,会给经济建设带来无法挽回的巨大损失。     

“活性甲醛”与甲醛远距离毒性的初步研究

甲醛是否具备远距离毒性(distant-site toxicity)是揭示甲醛与白血病关系的关键问题.本研究采用DPC、MTT实验方法检测甲醛的远距离毒性,结果发现当把等剂量的甲醛与GSH联合作用对细胞进行染毒后细胞内产生的DPC系数比单独同剂量的甲醛组要高很多,在MTT实验中发现在单独甲醛组中加入等量的GSH后细胞活性也出现了显著下降;在动物实验中,当对小鼠肝染毒后脑组织中也同样出现了损伤.说明甲醛在机体内与GSH形成了结合物,这种结合物可能协助甲醛完成跨膜并进入到局部组织再次释放出游离态甲醛,实现了甲醛的远距离毒性,这种结合态的甲醛称之为"活性甲醛".