纳米钯?铝双金属对水中3-氯酚的脱氯降解研究

采用置换沉积法制备了纳米钯/铝双金属催化剂,氢解还原去除水相中难降解有毒有机物3-氯酚(3-CP),考察了溶液pH、钯负载量、纳米钯/铝双金属投加量、反应温度对脱氯效果的影响并解析相关反应机制。结果表明:(1)初始pH 3.0时,沉积液中93.25%(质量分数,下同)～96.67%的钯可有效负载于铝材上。(2)在pH为3.0、纳米钯/铝双金属投加量为2g/L、钯负载量为1.16%(质量分数)、反应温度为25℃下降解初始摩尔浓度为0.389mmol/L的3-CP,反应终了时脱氯率在99%以上。利用纳米钯/铝双金属降解氯代有机污染物具有高效低耗的优势,在实际应用上具有较好的前景。     

Pb and Cd binding to natural freshwater biofilms developed at different pH: the important role of culture pH

The effects of solution pH on adsorption of trace metals to different types of natural aquatic solid materials have been studied extensively, but few studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of pH at which the solid materials were formed on the adsorption. The purpose of present study is to examine this effect of culture pH on metal adsorption to natural freshwater biofilms. The adsorption of Pb and Cd to biofilms which were developed at different culture pH values (ranging from 6.5 to 9.0) was measured at the same adsorption pH value (6.5). The culture pH had considerable effects on both composition and metal adsorption ability of the biofilms. Higher culture pH usually promoted the accumulation of organic material and Fe oxides in the biofilms. The culture pH also affected the quantity and species of algae in the biofilms. The adsorption of Pb and Cd to the biofilms generally increased with the increase of culture pH. This increase was minor at lower pH range and significant at higher pH range and was more remarkable for Cd adsorption than for Pb adsorption. The notable contribution of organic material to the adsorption at higher culture pH values was also observed. The profound impacts of culture pH on adsorption behavior of biofilms mainly resulted from the variation of total contents of the biofilm components and were also affected by the alteration of composition and properties of the components.     

中国与欧盟环境保护投资统计的比较研究

从环境保护(简称环保)投资概念、环保投资统计口径、环保投资统计方法3个方面比较了中国环保投资统计和欧盟环保支出统计存在的差异,并评估了各自的环保投资规模与效益.并通过借鉴欧盟环保支出统计经验,得出完善中国环保投资统计工作的启示:明确界定环保投资内涵,逐步与国际概念接轨;规范环保投资统计制度,建立科学的统计方法;与国民经济统计相衔接,满足经济活动管理需求.     

Degradation of rizazole in water–sediment systems

This study investigated the degradation of rizazole in water-sediment systems (West Lake system, WL; Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal system, BG) with two different types of sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of rizazole in the WL water phase (14.59–15.13 d) were similar to those in the BG water phase (15.90–16.46 d). Within 3–7 d, the rizazole concentration in the sediments reached the maximum values, i.e., equilibrium. Rizazole dissipation was faster in the WL sediment phase with higher organic matter content (T_1/2 = 18.99–19.09 d) compared with the BG sediment phase (T_1/2 = 31.08–33.32 d). Rizazole degradation was slightly faster in the West Lake water-sediment system (WL system) (T_1/2 = 17.11–18.05 d) than in the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal water—sediment system (BG system) (T_1/2 = 20.51–25.02 d). The aerobic degradation of rizazole was similar to its anaerobic degradation in the water-sediment system. The findings are useful to understand the behavior of pesticide in environment.     

Co-metabolic transformation of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid by the new soil isolate Pseudoxanthomonas indica CGMCC 6648

A new imidacloprid (IMI) degrading bacterium Z-9 (deposited number CGMCC 6648) was isolated and identified as Pseudoxanthomonas indica by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Two metabolites were identified as olefin and 5-hydroxy IMI by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. P. indica CGMCC 6648 degraded 70.1% of IMI (1.22 mmol L^?1) and formed 0.93 mmol L^?1 5-hydroxy IMI and 0.05 mmol L^?1 olefin IMI in 6 days and in the presence of 100 mmol L^?1 glucose. The half-life of IMI degradation was 3.6 days. P. indica CGMCC 6648 transforms IMI via a co-metabolism mechanism and different carbohydrates have significant effects on 5-hydroxy IMI formation, whereas different organic acids have substantial effects on olefin IMI production. Lactose is the best co-substrate for IMI degradation and 5-hydroxy IMI formation with 0.77 mmol L^?1 degraded and 0.67 mmol L^?1 formed in 48 h, respectively. Pyruvate is the best co-substrate for olefin IMI formation with 0.17 mmol L^?1 produced in 96 h for all carbon sources tested. Pyruvate significantly stimulates the conversion of 5-hydroxy IMI to olefin IMI, whereas glucose slightly inhibits this reaction. P. indica CGMCC 6648 rapidly degrades IMI and forms olefin IMI, which may enhance its potential for biodegradation of IMI and increase its insecticidal activity, which can decrease the IMI dosage required.     

大庆库里泡浮游植物群落时空变化及其与环境因子的相关性

库里泡是黑龙江省大庆市重要的排污、泄洪湖库之一。近年来,由于大庆市生活及工业污水排放总量逐年增加,库里泡水体质量有所下降。为掌握库里泡浮游植物群落结构特征及水环境状况,于2019年春、夏、秋3季在库里泡共设置了13个采样点,对浮游植物群落及其与水环境变量的相关关系进行了研究。利用群落相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验浮游植物群落的组间及组内差异;采用相似性百分比(SIMPER)分析辨别对群落时空格局有显著影响的物种;通过冗余分析(RDA)确认环境变量及浮游植物优势种的生态分布特征,并对主要影响因子进行辨别。结果显示:研究期间共鉴定出浮游植物106种,隶属于6门8纲13目23科49属。库里泡的浮游植物群落组成为绿藻-硅藻型,而蓝藻、隐藻、甲藻、裸藻种类相对较少,占比仅为25%。其中,优势种有15种,主要为狭形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus angustus)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)和梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)等。ANOSIM和SIMPER分析结果表明,季节差异和生境差异对库里泡浮游植物群落结构的构建具有一定的驱动作用。RDA结果表明,影响库里泡浮游植物群落时空格局的主要环境变量为水温、总磷和总氮。营养状态指数评价结果显示,库里泡水质为中度富营养。经与近10年间的库里泡相关研究对比发现,库里泡水体浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,浮游植物优势类群略有改变。     

原广州氮肥厂地块地下水环境质量评价

对原广州氮肥厂遗留地块浅层地下水环境质量进行调查与评价。结果表明,其整个地块浅层地下水被污染,特别是硫酸车间和造气车间为地下水污染最重区域。主要污染项目为Mn、NH3-N、亚硝酸盐、Fe、总硬度、IMn、SO2-、F-。提出,在作土壤开挖、修复和新建工程项目过程中,工程施工排水应处理后方可排放,以减少对周围环境水体的影响;建筑工人应避免直接接触地下水,施工时佩带手套,做好保护措施,减少皮肤暴露。     

建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管存在的问题及对策探讨

明确了建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管的对象,分析了我国现阶段调查监管存在的监管力量不足、从业门槛不明确、实时监管措施缺乏等问题.结合国内外调查工作监管经验和近年苏州工业园区调查监管的探索实践,提出了鼓励引导相关利益方参与调查监管、建立健全从业人员和机构监管制度、引入监理机制、推进信息化过程管理等对策建议.     

电袋复合除尘器的设计要点及工程应用

电袋复合除尘器是近年来发展起来的一种新的除尘技术,是在结合电除尘器和袋除尘器这两种传统的高效除尘技术的基础之上发展而来的。本文重点讨论了电袋复合除尘器设计过程中应重点关注的设计要点,并通过成功应用的改造工程实例,介绍了其改造过程和改造效果。     

Development of Customized Fire Behavior Fuel Models for Boreal Forests of Northeastern China

Knowledge of forest fuels and their potential fire behavior across a landscape is essential in fire management. Four customized fire behavior fuel models that differed significantly in fuels characteristics and environmental conditions were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on fuels data collected across a boreal forest landscape in northeastern China. Fuel model I represented the dense and heavily branched Pinus pumila shrubland which has significant fine live woody fuels. These forests occur mainly at higher mountain elevations. Fuel model II is applicable to forests dominated by Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana occurring in native forests on hill slopes or at low mountain elevations. This fuel model was differentiated from other fuel models by higher herbaceous cover and lower fine live woody loading. The primary coniferous forests dominated by Larix gmelini and Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica were classified as fuel model III and fuel model IV. Those fuel models differed from one another in average cover and height of understory shrub and herbaceous layers as well as in aspect. The potential fire behavior for each fuel model was simulated with the BehavePlus5.0 fire behavior prediction system. The simulation results indicated that the Pinus pumila shrubland fuels had the most severe fire behavior for the 97th percentile weather condition, and had the least severe fire behavior under 90th percentile weather condition. Fuel model II presented the least severe fire potential across weather conditions. Fuel model IV resulted in greater fire severity than Fuel model III across the two weather scenarios that were examined.