钦州湾表层水分粒级Chl a分布特征及其影响因素

于2014年1月（冬季）和10月（秋季）对钦州湾海域进行了综合调查,分析了该海区分粒级Chl a的分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,冬季Chl a平均浓度为2.38μg/L,秋季Chl a浓度显著升高,平均浓度为6.96μg/L。浮游植物粒级结构具有明显的季节变化特征,冬季浮游植物粒级组成以微型浮游植物为主,平均占Chl a总量的73.0%,小型和微微型浮游植物所占的比例分别为14.9%和12.1%;秋季,小型、微型和微微型浮游植物对Chl a总量的贡献率分别为42.3%、44.7%和12.9%。浮游植物平均粒级指数秋季（23.55μm）显著大于冬季（11.23μm）。从空间分布上看,在高营养盐含量区域大粒径的浮游植物占有优势,而其他靠近外海一侧的站位则以微型浮游植物为主。温度、营养盐和悬浮物是影响钦州湾海域浮游植物粒级Chl a分布和组成的重要环境因子。     

Performance of a water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed

Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 m2 was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks’ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 21.78% of total nitrogen (TN) and 23.02% of total phosphorus (TP). Both dissolved oxygen (DO) and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the di erences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth.We concluded that a water hyacinth system was e ective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.     

典型铝合金在江津自然大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

通过在我国江津典型工业污染大气环境进行大气暴晒实验,测定了1060纯铝、2A12铝合金和7A04铝合金在该地区的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线谱（EDX）、红外光谱（FT—IR）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）观察分析3种铝合金腐蚀表面形貌、元素分布和腐蚀产物结构。结果表明：随腐蚀时间的延长,铝及其合金腐蚀产物不断增多,失重数值增加,腐蚀失重与时间的关系呈幂函数规律（C—A t^n）;腐蚀产物形貌呈块状或粒状,呈现不均匀的凹凸形貌;腐蚀产物主要为Al（OH）3和Al2（SO4）3·14H2O;耐蚀性能由强至弱依次为1060〉2A12〉7A04。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

强化混凝去除微污染湖泊水浊度及TOC的研究

通过烧杯混凝试验和动态连续混凝试验,就混凝剂种类、投药量、pH值、水温等因素,研究强化混凝对水中浊度和TOC去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:PAC最佳投量为30mg/L,浊度去除率为90.19%,TOC去除率为38.2%,水温高于20℃时,聚合氯化铝对浊度和TOC去除率分别高达84.95%、33.18%以上。虽然pH值是影响有机物去除的主要参数,动态连续混凝试验表明,不改变pH值,强化混凝工艺依然能极大地改善出水水质,滤后水质浊度为0.1NTU,TOC为6.23mg/L。     

豫北平原近25年来生态服务价值研究

运用3S技术,分析和探讨了豫北平原的内黄县1979—2003年的生态系统服务价值变化. 土地利用变化直接影响生态服务价值,该区25年间的生态系统服务价值变化显著,呈增长趋势.耕地和林地生态系统服务功能约占总服务价值的80%～90%. 结果表明:25年来内黄县研究区域的生态环境质量呈不断上升的态势,生态系统服务价值增加逾2.6×108元. 研究区内的林地、园地面积不断增加,增加的面积部分主要源自未利用地,而另一部分则是由耕地转变而来. 这一方面反映了人口增长和经济建设需求对生态环境变化的积极影响,另一方面也反映了研究区人民和相关部门重视生态环境,环保意识增强.      

催化铁内电解法深度处理某污水厂尾水的中试研究

采用催化铁内电解技术对某污水处理厂不达标尾水进行中试研究,研究结果表明,催化铁内电解法不仅能使污水内的CODα质量浓度从125～145mg/L降到50～80 mg/L,平均去除率为54.2%,污水的色度降低50%,同时使得废水的ρ(BOD5):ρ(CODcr)从0.14增加到了0.38,有利于后续的生化深度处理,为污水处理厂的达标改造和工程扩建提供了有效的技术支持.     

外加微量N2H4下SBR中硝化微生物特性

运行实验室规模单级硝化序批式反应器(SBR),研究长期外加微量N_2H_4(约3 mg·L~(-1))对硝化污泥中功能微生物好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)、亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的影响.结果表明,外加微量N_2H_4的硝化污泥中,AOB主要属于亚硝化球菌(Nitrosococcu)属和亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas)属,另有少部分属于亚硝化螺旋菌(Nitrosospira)属,NOB属于硝化杆菌(Nitrobacter)属.外加微量N_2H_4前后,AOB amoA基因拷贝数(以干污泥计)由1.0×10~9copies·g~(-1)减少为2.09×10~4copies·g~(-1),NOB nxrB基因拷贝数由1.28×10~7copies·g~(-1)减少为2.56×10~5copies·g~(-1).AOB对环境因素较NOB相比更为敏感,N_2H_4对硝化微生物的抑制与毒性作用使外加微量N_2H_4的硝化污泥中AOB流失幅度大于NOB,但定量PCR方法无法准确比较N_2H_4对AOB与NOB活性抑制的强弱.长期外加微量N_2H_4破坏硝化微生物活性,使反应器崩溃.因此在没有厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)消耗N_2H_4的亚硝化系统中,企图通过调控外加N_2H_4浓度水平抑制NOB活性,从而进一步洗脱NOB提高脱氮性能可能无法实现.     

Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment： Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China

A study was carried out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi,China,to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm.Seven crops,including celery,wheat, maize,millet,apples,rapeseed and yellow beans,were tested in the study.Physical and chemical properties of the soil,crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured.In most cases,the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage.However,yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter.Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents.For a period of approximately 14 months,the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported.With treated sewage irrigation,a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed.     

浅谈生态文明城市建设

浅谈了城市特点，城市生态系统涉及的子系统，认为应选择科学合理的发展模式，调整经济结构和产业结构，才能实现生态文明城市建设。