中国发展生物质能源的战略措施思考

能源连人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要资源。随着中国经济的持续发展，能源与环境对经济发展的制约作用逐渐得到显现．能源问题与环境问题已经成为国家发展的战略性问题。因此发展生物质能是解决中国能源紧张的重要突破口。发展生物质能的战略措施是建立生物质能源的产业体系。即相对于传统产业体系的第二产业体系。具体战略阶段是：2000—2010年实验探讨阶段（初级阶段）；2020—2030年推广应用阶段（发展阶段）：2030年一2050年优化提出阶段（提高阶段）。生物质能源的发展战略有助于“三农”问题的解决即农村小康社舍的建设；有助于减轻环境压力；有助于维护国家能源安全。     

故障安全控制系统在催化裂化装置的应用

介绍霍尼韦尔公司故障安全控制系统FSC的技术特点以及在我厂重油催化裂化装置的应用情况，说明了该装置故障安全控制系统组成和操作界面，并总结了应用效果。     

云南湖区公众环境宣传教育活动浅析

湖泊综合治理,单靠行政手段和经济手段是远远不够的,必须发动群众,依靠湖区周边的广大群众,通过广泛深入地进行环境保护宣传教育,提高广大群众的环境保护意识,促使他们自觉自愿地投身于湖泊的治理和建设中去,湖泊治理才能取得预期效果.     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

水污染造成的环境经济损失分析

立足于我国水资源现状，对造成水污染损失的主要影响因素进行分析。探讨适合于我国国情的水污染损失的计算方法。以南方某市为例，计算该市水污染损失，得到了一些有益的结论．给政府部门提供了一个较为准确的损失数据。通过政府的干预或经济法律手段，加大水资源保护管理工作的力度。     

南水北调中线不同调水方案下的汉江水华发生概率分析

为评估南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响，从汉江水华的成因机理分析入手，提出了汉江水华发生概率的计算模型．该模型由河流一维水动力学模型、水体富营养化模型以及随机数生成模型组成，它不仅可以模拟汉江水华的发生机理，而且可以对诱发水华的各种因子进行随机抽样组合，从而求出中线调水不同方案实施后汉江水华的发生概率．计算结果表明，在现状情况下汉江水华的发生概率为9．2％，南水北调中线各调水方案（无引江济汉工程）实施后，汉江水华发生的概率将有一定程度的增加，而如果调水方案与引江济汉工程同时兴建将大大减少汉江水华发生的概率．最后提出建议，汉江自身的水污染治理是减少水华发生概率的最根本措施，而丹江口水库和引江济汉工程的联合调度将会减小汉江水华发生的概率．     

开式冷挤压成形深小锥孔件时极限变形程度的理论研究

给出了深小锥孔件开式冷挤压成形时极限变形程度的定义,建立了变形区非稳态连续速度场;利用上限原理得到了极限变形程度的理论判据。分析了各主要参数对极限变形程度的影响规律,对指导制定深小锥孔件开式冷挤压成形工艺具有重要意义。     

湿冶厂氨氮废水液膜分离放大工艺与设备

简要介绍在实验室获得满意效果基础上的液膜法处理某湿冶厂含氨氮废水的放大工艺与设备,处理时为４ｔ／ｄ,当废水中氨氮浓度为８００－１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,经二级处理可下降到排放标准,无二级污染。采用在ＲＤＣ基础上发展起来的一种改型锥孔转盘塔,特别适用于所使用表面活性剂乳液体系,能显著提高传质效率,减少返混,降低传质单元高度。     

Turnover mechanisms of organic conformation on turbidity in drinking water

The turbidity variation in artificial water and samples from a water plant was investigated in the presence of organics with different relative molecular mass. The results show that recessive turbidity existed when water chemical conditions were changing. The formation of turbidity depended on organic relative molecular mass and their conformations on particles. At higher pH and lower ionic strength, the organic chains with a more extended conformation resulted in rising turbidity of the suspension. At lower pH, the reconformation of organics took place due to charge neutralization by the proton, resulting in a decline in turbidity. The addition of NaCl and MgCl₂ at pH 7.00 also resulted in a decrease of turbidity in the suspension. It is believed that the occurrence of recessive turbidity has a significant influence on the stability of water supply quality.     

大窑湾疏浚水环境要素变化特征及其相关关系

根据大窑湾后６个泊位疏浚工程本底调查和疏浚监测结果，借助因子分析探讨了疏浚前后水环境要素的变化特征及相关关系，找出了控制污染物分布的主要因子，评价了疏浚对海洋环境的影响。