排序方式: 共有73条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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考察了摇床转速、Fe0粒径、溶液pH、溶解氧以及背景电解质等条件对Fe0去除As(Ⅲ)速率的影响,并探讨了不同影响因素下的作用机制.结果显示,转速高于100 r·min-1时,Fe0腐蚀速率明显加快,As(Ⅲ)去除速率提高,在50 r·min-1时,Fe0腐蚀速率和As(Ⅲ)去除速率接近静止状态;Fe0粒径显著地影响As(Ⅲ)去除速率,粒径减小,速率增大.随着pH升高,As(Ⅲ)去除速率降低;低的pH能加速Fe0腐蚀,同时导致更多的具有吸附活性的新生态铁氧化物生成;空气环境可以显著促进Fe0的腐蚀从而加速As(Ⅲ)的去除速率.CaSO4作为背景电解质时,Fe0的腐蚀行为更接近其在天然水体中的腐蚀行为. 相似文献
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污水处理过程释放的大量恶臭气体对人体感官和健康产生不利影响。本研究在城市污水处理厂设置采样点,研究主要污水处理单元恶臭物质的逸散特征。结果表明,恶臭物质的排放主要集中在进水区,硫化氢、氨、二硫化碳、磷化氢的平均浓度分别为1.07、0.19、44.32和0.58 mg·m−3。污泥脱水间也是恶臭物质氨的主要释放源。硫化氢是主要的致臭物质,其在各工艺段的异味贡献率超过75%。二硫化碳和磷化氢的慢性致病风险较高,有必要采取相应的措施削减和控制其在污水处理厂内的影响。在厂界外300 m处,二硫化碳和磷化氢的慢性致病风险值可忽略,同时,硫化氢、氨、以及二硫化碳的厂界浓度均远远低于《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB 14554-93)规定的相关限值。 相似文献
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The levels of roadside PM10 in Beijing, China, were investigated in 2011 and 2012 on a seasonal basis to estimate the population exposure to particulates for three road types. The measurements of PM10 were also conducted in the southern Chinese megacity of Guangzhou for comparison purposes. The results showed that roadside PMlo in Beijing correlated strongly with the PM10 background in the urban atmosphere. The levels of PM10 in street canyons were markedly higher than those along the open roads and in crossroad areas because of limited ventilation. An elevation of PM10 was observed in April, which was possibly due to the sand storms that frequently occur in the spring. Based on these observations, roadside PM10 in Beijing could have multiple origins and was to some extent dispersion- governed. In Guangzhou, the roadside PM10 did not closely relate to the background values. The PM10 pollution was greatly affected by local traffic conditions. The simulation of PM10 for different road types was completed during the study period using the Motor Vehicle Emissions Factor Model (MOBILE6.2) as an emission model and the California Line Source Dispersion Model (CALINE4) and Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) as dispersion models. The MOBILE6.2/CALINE4 software package was demonstrated to be sufficient for the simulation of PM10 in the open roads and crossroad areas in both Beijing and Guangzhou, and the simulation results of roadside PM10 in the street canyons by the MOBILE6.2/OSPM package were in close agreement with those of the measurements. 相似文献
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基于聊城市2021年6月挥发性有机物(VOCs)和臭氧(O3)在线监测数据,系统分析了O3污染日和清洁日VOCs的浓度水平、组成特征、日变化特征和O3生成潜势(OFP),通过潜在源贡献因子法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)识别了VOCs的潜在源区,利用特征物种比值和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型对VOCs来源进行了解析.结果表明,聊城市2021年6月O3污染日和清洁日ρ(VOCs)小时均值分别为(115.38±59.12)μg·m-3和(88.10±33.04)μg·m-3,各类别VOCs浓度水平在污染日和清洁日的大小均表现为:含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)>烷烃>卤代烃>芳香烃>烯烃>炔烃>有机硫.污染日和清洁日浓度差值较大的VOCs物种均出现在二者VOCs浓度小时均值贡献前10物种中.总VOCs、烷烃、炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃和有机硫浓度日变化趋势表现为日间低于夜间,OVOCs浓度日变化呈现出白天高,夜间低的特... 相似文献
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EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥床工作状况及污泥性质研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
研究了处理低浓度有机废水的EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥床状况及颗粒污泥的性质,结果表明,液体表面上升流速(Vup)是影响EGSB反应器效能的重要参数,当进水COD为600~800mg/L时,较佳的液体表面上升流速(Vup)为1.5~4.5m/h,在此条件下,EGSB反应器COD负荷为24.5~25.7kg/(m3·d),COD去除率大于85%;同时还发现,经过一定时间的运行后,反应器中颗粒污泥粒径分布、沉降速度、胞外聚合物(ECP)等性质都发生了明显变化,颗粒污泥的平均粒径由0.85mm增加到1.78mm,平均沉降速度由41.2m/h提高到83.2m/h,而胞外聚合物(ECP)的含量则由接种污泥的32.5mg/g增加到57.8mg/g。 相似文献
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Weifang M Jiaji Sun Yangyao Li Xiaoxiu Lun Dan Shan Chao Nie Miaomiao Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):51-61
This study investigated 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE2) biodegradation process and primary metabolic pathways associated with community structures of microorganism during groundwater recharge using reclaimed water. The attenuation rate is 1.58 times higher in wetting and drying alternative recharge(WDAR) than in continual recharge(CR). The primary biotransformation pathways of EE2 in WDAR system began with the oxidation of C-17 on ring D to form a ketone group, and D-ring was subsequently hydroxylated and cleaved. In the CR system, the metabolic pathway changed from the oxidation of C-17 on ring D to hydroxylation of C-4 on ring A, and ring A or B subsequently cleaved; this transition was related to DO, and the microbial community structure. Four hundred fifty four pyrosequencing of 16 s r RNA genes indicated that the bacterial communities in the upper layer of the WDAR system were more diverse than those found in the bottom layer of the CR system; this result was reversed for archaea. Unweighted Uni Frac and taxonomic analyses were conducted to relate the change in bacterial community structure to the metabolic pathway. Microorganism community diversity and structure were related to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, EE2 and its intermediates in the system. Five known bacterial classes and one known archaeal class, five major bacterial genera and one major archaeal genus might be involved in EE2 degradation. The findings of this study provide an understanding of EE2 biodegradation in groundwater recharge areas under different recharging modes and can facilitate the prediction of the fate of EE2 in underground aquifers. 相似文献
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北京山区生态系统稳定性评价模型初步研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
李晓秀 《生态与农村环境学报》2000,16(1):21-25
在建立北京山区生态评价体系的基础上,参考有关资料和北京的实际状况确定山区生态系统稳定性评价的标准和分级,选择适当的方法确定评价因子的层次关系和重要度,建立了综合评价模型。并以北京山区的一典型区为例对评价模型进行检验,结果与实际基本相符。 相似文献
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