潜流型人工湿地实现短程硝化反硝化的探讨

从短程硝化反硝化机理和目前国内外在短程硝化生物脱氮技术方面的进展入手;介绍了影响短程硝化的因素,剖析了潜流型人工湿地系统实现短程硝化的可能性和可行性;最后展望了湿地系统作为生态处理方法的发展方向.     

澳门南湾湖钻孔沉积物中自由态和束缚态的多环芳烃

研究自然条件下沉积物中有机污染物沉积后的环境行为,考察澳门南湾湖钻孔沉积物中自由态和束缚态PAHs的含量与分布.研究表明,自由态PAHs以4-环、6,7-环和5-环为主,其质量百分贡献分别为28.7%～40.6%、17.6%～29.6%和13.2%～28.2%;而束缚态PAHs则以4-环、3-环和2-环为主,质量百分贡献分别为42.3%～55.8%、20.2%～35.8%和7.8%～18.8%.说明低分子量PAHs比高分子量PAHs更容易进入沉积有机质的孔隙中.自由态PAHs的垂直分布特征受区域经济发展及环境治理进程的影响,束缚态PAHs的含量一方面受控于PAHs的输入量,另一方面与沉积有机质的结构(特别是聚合程度)有关,随着沉积埋藏时间的延长有利于各化合物从自由态向束缚态转变.     

天津表层土壤中多环芳烃的主要来源

用主成分分析和多元线性回归分析方法研究了天津3个不同空间区域表土中PAHs的来源及其相对贡献.结果表明:燃煤和炼焦是各区最重要的PAHs释放源.塘沽汉沽高值区尤其如此,其燃煤和炼焦二者合计占总排放贡献的79%,交通源仅占21%.市中心及近郊区交通来源上升到与燃煤来源相当的水平(约各占35%),此外,焚烧产生的PAHs也占很高比例(21%).农村低值区则呈现出更多多源特点;秸秆燃烧是本区独有的,约占总贡献的11%.根据源解析得到的结果与根据燃料用量和排放因子计算的排放结果有一定可比性.     

基于智能手机比色测定水环境中的六价铬

在酸性条件下,水样中的六价铬能够和显色剂二苯碳酰二肼反应生成紫红色络合物,该络合物溶液用自制的数字图像比色装置测定颜色值实现六价铬的现场快速检测.该方法在0.05 mg/L～1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.02 mg/L,标准溶液10次测定结果的RSD为1.6％ ～7.9％,实际水样加标回收率为94....     

基于生态环境监测机构省级监督抽查工作的分析与思考

基于2019年度11个省级监督管理部门对704家生态环境监测机构开展的监督抽查工作情况,总结了此次监督抽查的概况、发现的问题、处罚情况,重点分析了存在的主要问题.提出了应持续强化监测质量控制和管理、积极借鉴和创新监管方式、注重监督抽查结果运用、加强社会监督和行业自律的工作建议.为生态环境监测机构提高监测质量和管理水平提...     

倾倒和填埋工业固废类事件遗留地块污染状况调查方法的研究

近年来江苏省非法倾倒、填埋工业固体废物事件仍处于高发态势。此类事件遗留地块环境隐患突出,污染调查难度大,要求高。简述了国内外关于该类型遗留地块污染调查的相关标准,调研了江苏省30个倾倒、填埋工业固废类事件遗留地块案例,总结了该类型地块污染调查面临的重点难点问题以及相关调查技术的应用,并分析了污染源探查和综合生物毒性辅助判别应用2个典型案例。提出了关于调查指南的建议,包括工作程序、调查范围、信息收集、现场踏勘等方面。以期为后续该类型地块污染问题处理处置提供科学支撑。     

珠江口地区总悬浮颗粒中金属元素沉降通量

于2002年5月至2004年10月在珠江口大万山海洋环境监测站地面气象观测场上设立一个监测站,共采样了120多个大气气溶胶样品,用无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了元素Cu、Pb、Cd的浓度,讨论了这几种元素入海通量的月变化和年平均值。结果表明,三种元素在珠江口地区沉降通量的变化规律是Pb>Cu>Cd。三元素在5月、8月、10月内的沉降通量占全年的比例均少于20%,而且比例的变化规律是10月>5月>8月。     

纤维素热裂解的二次反应研究

在热重红外联用分析仪上开展了纤维素的热裂解失重研究,通过对纤维素热裂解的TG和DTG曲线以及热解产物的红外析出图谱的分析研究,探讨了纤维素热裂解的二次反应过程及机理,并在经典Broido—Shafizdeh模型的基础上．提出了改进的纤维素热裂解模型。     

Effect of oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of mercury on activated carbon

Oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of Hg on activated carbon （AC） was inrestigated. Both MnO2-AC and FeCl3-AC were produced during oxidation treatment. The measurement of modified AC＇s mercury adsorption capacity was conducted in a simulated coal-fired flue gas by adsorbing test apparatus. TCLP and column leaching methods were used to test the stability of mercury adsorbed on ACs. The results indicate that the oxidation treatment changed the pore structure of the AC and modified the carbon surface by creating chemical components such as MnO4^-, Mn^4＋, O, NO^3-, Fe^3＋, Cl^-, etc. The Hg sorption capacity on MnO2-AC or FeCl3-AC was about three times higher than that of untreated carbon. In addition, the mercury control cost of each of the formers was about the half cost of the untreated carbon. The stability of Hg absorption was studied, it found that mercury adsorbed on the oxidation treated AC was not better than that of untreated carbon. It could concluded that the insoluble form of Hg is very important to the stability of mercury adsorbed on AC. This study suggests that the FeCl3-AC is the best absorbent for Hg with high adsorption capacity, better Hg adsorption stability in leaching environment, and lower cost among the three ACs tested.     

Free cupric ions in contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine in eastern Nanjing City, China

To determine the environmental free metal ion activity was a recent hot issue. A method to measure low-level free cupric ion activity in soil solution extracted with 0.01 mol/L KNO3 was developed by using cupric ion-selective electrode （ISE） and calibrating with Cu-buffer solution. Three copper buffers including iminodiacetic acid （IDA）, ethylenediamine （EN）, and glycine （Gly） were compared for calibrating the Cu-ISE curves in the range of free cupric ions （pCu^2＋） 7-13. The Cu-EN buffer showed the best electrode response and thus was applied as the calibration buffer. The pCu^2＋ of 39 contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine was measured, ranging from 5.03 to 9.20. Most Cu in the soil solutions was found to be complexed with dissolved soil organic matters, averaging 98.1%. The proportion of free Cu^2＋ ions in the soil solutions decreased with the increasing of solution pH. Soluble Cu and free Cu^2＋ ions concentrations were analyzed by multiple linear regressions to evaluate the effects of soil properties on metal levels and speciation. The results showed that soil solution pH was the most significant factor influencing pCu^2＋ （with R^2 value of 0.76）, while not important for the soluble Cu concentration.