Sulfur-containing amino acid methionine as the precursor of volatile organic sulfur compounds in algea-induced black bloom

After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs): methanethiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and dimethyl tetrasulfide (DMTeS). Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites (VOSCs, mainly DMDS) were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water’s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine+glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.     

Pb(II) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves

Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

我国水泥工业碳排放特征及动态变化分析

水泥工业是温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)的主要排放源,利用碳排放数学模型计算2001-2010年我国水泥工业碳的排放量,分析碳排放量的变化特点和发展趋势。结果表明:水泥工业碳排放总量逐年增长,与水泥产量和排放强度呈线性关系。"十一五"期间单位产品碳排放强度由0.69 t/t下降到0.65 t/t。万元GDP碳排放量2008年达到最低值为0.295 1 t,平均每年万元GDP碳排放量下降2.85%。水泥工业十年间实施节能降耗、资源循环利用、提高经济效益等措施,对于减少碳排放具有明显效果。     

辽宁省某典型500kV变电站电磁污染分布特性研究

为了了解500 kV变电站电磁污染分布特性,利用EFA-300电磁场强分析仪对变电站内500 kV配电区、220 kV配电区、变电站主要设备及变电站周边不同类型环境的工频电场强度与磁感应强度进行检测,从中找出其工频电磁场污染分布特性。共检测92个测点,结果显示电场强度、磁感应强度均在允许范围内。但是,变电站的个别设备附近电场强度接近职业标准限值,做防护措施时需重点关注。     

蒙脱石对Co2+吸附机理和性能研究

随着锂电池的广泛使用,废弃锂电池中所含的钴元素以离子形式开始进入地下水中。文章以吸附水中钴离子为研究内容。系统研究了吸附时间、溶液浓度、温度以及pH值对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明:蒙脱石对钴离子的平衡吸附时间约为1 h;在303 K下蒙脱石对钴离子的最大吸附量约为30.77 mg/g,且吸附方程可以用Langmuir模型进行良好的拟合;吸附行为符合拟二级动力学方程;最佳pH环境为弱酸性。     

化工业清洁生产技术措施分析

化工业是导致环境污染的主要产业.当前,我国的化工产业所采用的生产方式仍然是传统的粗放式生产,给我国的生态环境带来了很大的压力.在这种情况下,除了转变生产方式之外,最有效的方法就是采用清洁生产技术.文章通过在化工业生产中使用清洁原料、使用清洁化学反应、使用清洁反应介质、使用清洁水处理技术等多个方面,对化工业清洁生产技术进行了系统性的分析,为广大化工业研究、生产人员提供了参考.     

湖北省矿山地质灾害损失的灰色关联分析

近年来,湖北省矿产业发展迅速,然而不合理地开发利用矿产资源导致了矿山地质灾害的发生,如滑坡、泥石流、崩塌和地面塌陷,严重威胁到了人民的生命财产安全,同时也造成了巨大的经济损失。本文运用灰色关联分析模型,结合湖北省1999—2010年各类矿山地质灾害(包括滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面塌陷)所造成的伤亡人数及直接经济损失统计数据,分析了湖北省矿山地质灾害伤亡人数及直接经济损失的主要影响因素,并对湖北省矿山地质灾害损失进行了灰色关联分析。结果表明:湖北省矿山伤亡人数与各类地质灾害的关联度分别为r11=0.311 0、r12=0.305 2、r13=0.437 9、r14=0.311 5,排序为r13>r14>r11>r12,直接经济损失与各类地质灾害的关联度分别为r21=0.506 5、r22=0.463 1、r23=0.487 9、r24=0.365 5,排序为r21>r23>r22>r24;湖北省矿山地质灾害中泥石流对人们的生命威胁最大,滑坡、崩塌和地面塌陷也对人员伤亡存在一定程度的影响;而滑坡对直接经济损失影响最大,崩塌和泥石流影响程度略小于滑坡,地面塌陷影响程度最小。因此,在湖北省矿山地质环境保护和地质灾害防治过程中,应运用先进的防治技术,大力加强对滑坡和泥石流的监测预警工作,同时也需要对崩塌和地面塌陷加大防治力度。     

江西省经济发展与工业环境污染关系的计量分析

选取近10多年来江西省人均GDP作为经济指标,工业废水排放量、工业废气排放量、工业固体废物产生量、工业污染治理投资额作为工业环境污染及治理指标,运用SPSS统计软件构建了相应的环境库兹涅茨曲线模型,并在该模型的基础上,对江西省经济发展与工业环境污染的关系进行了计量分析。结果表明:江西省工业废水排放量曲线出现了拐点和转折点;工业固体废物产生量曲线虽有拐点,但是其产生量处于逐渐递增的态势;工业废气排放量曲线呈直线上升势头,环境污染仍然严重;工业污染治理的投资总额趋于减少,且建成的治污项目没有发挥积极的作用,也延缓了环境库兹涅茨曲线拐点的出现。     

适应性环境管理模式在大型赛事筹备中的应用（上）——管理模式构建

针对我国环境保护行政管理存在的直线式管理、缺乏弹性等问题,将适应性管理的理论和方法引入环境管理领域,提出适应性环境管理的概念和管理模式,通过构建基于AHP（层次分析法）的适应性环境管理绩效评估体系,在环境管理中对各项任务进行跟踪管理和绩效评估,反馈于阶段性目标的制定,从而灵活调整工作方案,最大限度地降低环境管理中的不确定性,保证环境管理总目标的达成.     

PHAST软件对孔洞泄漏扩散危险区域的分析

运用PHAST软件研究泄漏孔径、风速、泄漏时间和大气稳定度对泄漏扩散面积的影响。结果表明:扩散面积随着泄漏孔径的增大、风速的增大及泄漏时间的增长而增加;大气越稳定,泄漏扩散面积越大。