基于卫星数据的灰霾污染遥感监测方法及系统设计

以中分辨率成像光谱仪为例,建立了卫星遥感参数和空气污染指标之间的联系,提出了基于卫星遥感的气溶胶光学厚度数据获得灰霾指数和灰霾污染时空气质量指数(AQI)等级的方法和相关的监测系统设计。结合在华北地区的监测结果,可以看出卫星遥感可以较好地反映灰霾污染程度的变化,有助于发现可能的传输通道,获得宏观的灰霾空间分布状况。在研究时段内,与地面空气质量监测站相比,88%的卫星遥感监测结果误差不大于1个AQI等级,平均的AQI等级偏差为0.7级,并分析了卫星遥感与地面监测之间差异的原因。     

用微宇宙法研究稀土元素在富营养化水体中的归趋

本文利用静态实验室水生微宇宙的方法研究了轻、中、重三类五种稀土混合物（La,Ce,Sm,Gd,Y）在富营养水体、底泥、浮萍、大型蚤、螺蛳和金鱼中的分布和富集。结果表明,稀土在水生微宇宙各组分中的分布和积累的趋势为轻稀土>中稀土>重稀土。稀土元素在水体中6h后基本趋于平衡,其大部分为底泥所吸附;不同生物对稀土的分布和富集存在着较大的差异,其趋势为浮萍>大型蚤>螺蛳>金鱼。     

二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物与锰显色反应研究

合成了６个二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物,研究了它们和锰的显色反应规律,提出了该类试剂的一些新用途,显示了其良好的应用前景。     

Enhancement of solar-driven photocatalytic activity of oxygen vacancy-rich Bi/BiOBr/Sr2LaF7:Yb3+,Er3+ composites through synergetic strategy of upconversion function and plasmonic effect

For better use of solar energy,the development of efficient broadband photocatalyst has attracted extraordinary attention.In this study,a ternary composite consisting of Sr₂ LaF₇:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ upconversion(UC) nanocrystals and Bi nanoparticles loaded BiOBr nanosheets with oxygen vacancies(OVs,SLFBB) was designed and synthesized by multistep solvent-thermal method.Mechanisms of in-situ formation of Bi nanoparticles and OVs in BiOBr/Sr₂ LaF_7<...     

甲氰菊酯降解菌鉴定及其降解特性

从农药厂污泥中分离到一株能降解甲氰菊酯的光合细菌PSB07-19.鉴定结果表明,PSB07-19为沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH为6.5.实验结果表明,该菌以共代谢方式降解甲氰菊酯,对甲氰菊酯的最大耐受质量浓度为600 mg/L,培养15 d对400 mg/L甲氰菊酯的降解率达45.51%,降解最适pH、温度分别为7.5、30℃.     

浸没式膜-生物反应器膜面污染物性质研究

研究了浸没式平板膜-生物反应器冬季运行时的膜污染状况.结果表明,出水COD稳定,但出现了亚硝酸盐积累,总氮的去除不是很理想.凝胶过滤色谱测定结果发现,O段混合液经0.45 靘滤膜过滤的滤液和膜面污染物含有重均分子量千万级以上的大分子物质,而进水中并无此类物质.环境扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,膜面无机污染物的阳离子主要包括Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca和Fe.傅立叶红外光谱分析证明,膜面有机污染物主要是多糖和蛋白质等物质,而且胞外聚合物可能是造成膜面污染的主要物质之一.     

纳米Bi2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以光催化效果为评价标准,采用超声波作用下水解法制备Bi₂O₃/TiO₂复合光催化剂,考察了水解条件和Bi₂O₃掺入量等制备条件对复合光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,与传统制备方法相比,该方法操作简单、快速;当水和乙醇的比例为4∶1时所得样品的光催化活性最好;Bi₂O₃的掺入拓宽了TiO₂对光的吸收范围,提高了TiO₂的光催化活性,掺入量(Bi₂O₃)为0.25%复合光催化剂催化活性最高;复合光催化剂对多种水溶性染料均具有较好的处理效果。     

自然灾害风险评估国际计划述评Ⅰ——指标体系

自然灾害风险评估是综合灾害风险管理的关键途径。概述了近年来3个重要的自然灾害风险评估国际计划：灾害风险指标计划（Din）、多发区指标计划（Hotspots）和美洲计划（American Programme）的目标与成果。重点介绍了3个国际计划选取的指标：DRI首次开发了2个脆弱性全球指标;Hotspots发展了3个灾害风险指数;美洲计划开发了4个独立的指标体系,用于描述国家级的灾害风险构成要素,同时,提出城市级的风险评估指标。通过比较3个国际计划选择的指标体系的优缺点,提出选择能全面反映脆弱性和风险特征、计算简便的指标是今后灾害风险评估的关键和重点。     

ZR-KVV电缆排布数量对燃烧特性影响的实验研究

电缆在实际布置情况下通常是多根成束装配,而电缆的排布数量对运行安全性有很大影响,研究电缆的排布数量对燃烧特性的影响具有重要意义。使用锥形量热仪,对ZR-KVV电缆以不同数量排布,研究分析其质量损失速率、热释放速率等主要燃烧性能参数。实验结果表明,当电缆受到固定火源的辐射热流影响时,质量损失速率峰值和热释放速率峰值随着水平布置电缆数量的增加呈指数递增;随着外部辐射热流强度的增强,质量损失速率峰值和热释放速率峰值增加,总热释放速率则减小。     

Characteristics of ozone pollution and the sensitivity to precursors during early summer in central plain, China

In this study, we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30, 2018 in Zhengzhou, a major city in central China, where ground ozone (O₃) pollution has become serious in recent years. The concentrations of O₃ and its precursors, as well as H₂O₂ and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site (Yanchang, YC), suburban (Zhengzhou University, ZZU) and background sites (Ganglishuiku, GLSK). Result showed that the rates of O₃ concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard Grade II (93.3 ppbv) were 59.0%, 52.5%, and 55.7% at the above three sites with good consistency, respectively, indicating that O₃ pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou. The daily peak O₃ appeared at 15:00–16:00, which was opposite to VOCs, NO_x, and CO and consistent with H₂O₂. The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O₃ formation at YC was advanced. The high concentration of precursors, high temperature, low relative humidity, and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O₃ episodes in Zhengzhou. O₃ formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O₃ formation. The VOCs/NO_x ratio and smog production model were used to determine O₃-VOC-NO_x sensitivity. The O₃ formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately, which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NO_x is effective in reducing O₃ pollution in Zhengzhou.