昆明市大气SO2,硫酸盐化速率监测分析

通过对１９９４年－１９９７年昆明地区大气ＳＯ２和上轮速率的监测分析，经数据处理，找出了在较有规律的变化因素。ＳＯ２和ＳＯ３无率是时为化，功能区的分布，还是季度变化都存在有一定的相关关系。本文还对ＳＯ２和ＳＯ３作３、４年的趋势分析。     

电力发展与烟气脱硫

从我国能源结构的特点出发，论述了我国电力事业与燃煤电厂发展的关系，以及燃煤电厂实施脱硫的必要性和紧迫性；并通过对减排方法进行的分析对比，说明了烟气脱硫方法的优势所在。     

广西海域赤潮调查及对策建议

赤潮是一种复杂的生态异常现象,海水富营养化是赤潮发生的物质基础,水文气象条件和海水理化因子的变化是诱发赤潮发生的重要原因.广西海域赤潮虽然还没有造成重大直接经济损失,但已引起了中央有关领导人的关注.根据广西海域赤潮发生的情况,分析其原因,提出对策和建议.     

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus Pectinirostris)作为放射性核素指示物的研究

以大弹涂鱼为对象,模拟其两栖生活的环境,采用示踪法并用S-80智能多道分析器与Ge(Li)探头研究了大弹涂鱼的整体及其组织器官对¹³⁷Cs、¹³⁴Cs、⁶⁵Zn、⁶⁰Co的富集与排出.探讨了其积累量、残留量与海水中核素浓度的相关性,推荐性腺、肌肉、头部作为监测海洋中¹³⁷Cs、¹³⁴Cs、⁶⁵Zn、⁶⁰Co污染的生物指示物.     

Disposition toward environmental hazards in Hong Kong Chinese: validation of a Chinese version of the environmental appraisal inventory (EAI-C)

This paper extends prior research on risk perceptions in the West to the Hong Kong Chinese context by studying the nature of the responses of 229 Hong Kong Chinese to an adapted environmental appraisal inventory (EAI-C), which consisted of three scales with one related to the self and the other two related to the local and global environments, respectively. Results lent support to a local–global dichotomy: hazards were appraised to be more threatening in the global than the local context. Responses to the three-scale adaptation were factor analysed and three subscales were extracted for each of the EAI scales. As with findings reported in a previous study with an Irish sample, the subscales could be considered to represent techno-human, everyday-life and natural hazards. Results also indicated that Hong Kong Chinese appraised environmental hazards as more threatening than did Western samples surveyed in prior studies. This was most striking when hazards were appraised in relation to the self. Similar findings have also been reported in recent studies with Japanese samples. It was suggested that the accentuated threat to self observed in the current study might stem from a heightened sensitivity to environmental hazards in the Chinese people, which is determined by self-construction processes specific to Asian cultures. Using the EAI as a measurement for hazard appraisal may provide insights to how people from different cultures construe the impact of environmental hazards in various contexts.     

采煤驱动下潘谢矿区水体演变及其景观生态效应

基于Landsat数据利用水体指数、波段运算和阈值法提取了淮南潘谢矿区1979、1987、2000及2006年水体信息,结合矿井采掘工程布置识别了塌陷水体与自然水体.面积统计结果表明1979年自然水体、塌陷水体面积最小,1980年后农田水利工程、开挖鱼塘、取土烧砖等人为活动导致后期自然水体面积增大;矿区内井工采煤导致塌...     

沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究与应用

沉水植物是水生植物的重要组成部分。在富营养化湖泊中,沉水植物同浮游藻类竞争营养物质以及所需的光热条件,同时分泌出抑藻物质,破坏藻类正常的生理代谢功能,致使藻类死亡,抑制藻类水华发生。根据国内外相关报道,重点对9科15种沉水植物化感作用抑制15种藻类生长的研究进展进行综述。     

小型区域形状规整性对环境噪声测量误差的影响分析

本文通过对小型区规整性与环境噪声抽样测量误差的讨论,提出了区域形状的改变对抽样测量误差的影响状况。     

Heavy metal bioavailability and chelate mobilization efficiency in an assisted phytoextraction process

The heavy metal bioavailable fraction of a soil is a core parameter to verify the potential risks of contaminant exposure to organisms or plants. The purpose of the present work is to identify the bioavailable metal fraction in soils treated with chelates. This fraction was evaluated directly by analyzing metal concentrations in soil solution and indirectly using sequential extraction procedures. The metal bioavailable fraction was compared with metal accumulated in plant leaves, grown in both untreated and chelate-treated reactors. In order to verify the effect of the readily and slowly biodegradable chelates [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on metal speciation in soils, a simulation of chelate treatment was made and metal concentrations in different soil compartments before and after the simulation were compared. Lead concentration in the soil solution was positively correlated with metal concentration in the test plants. The soluble fraction showed the best correlation with metal concentration in soil solution. The simulation of the chelate treatment demonstrated that EDTA and EDDS were able to extract part of the organic- and sulfide-bound fraction, which are less available to plants.     

镉胁迫对脊尾白虾的毒性效应研究

为揭示重金属镉对脊尾白虾的毒性效应,采用急性毒性实验方法,研究了不同浓度镉(Cd~(2+))对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)血清氧化应激相关生理指标的活性以及肌肉组织中腺苷酸转移酶基因(ANT)和热激蛋白70基因(HSC70)表达水平的影响。共设置4个Cd2+浓度胁迫(0、0.0002、0.001、0.005 mmol·L~(-1)),分别在0、3、6、9、12、24、36、48、72和96 h共10个时间点对相关指标进行测定。结果显示:不同浓度镉胁迫下,脊尾白虾血清中H_2O_2含量、MDA含量和GSH含量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,H2O2含量在胁迫3 h时即出现明显的升高,而MDA和GSH则均在9 h时出现升高趋势,表现为一定的滞后性。H2O2含量在0.005 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫3 h时出现峰值,MDA含量在0.005 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫9 h时出现峰值,GSH含量在0.001mmol·L~(-1)胁迫48 h时出现峰值,且均与对照组存在显著性差异(P0.05)。HSC70基因的表达量在不同浓度胁迫下均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,且均在24 h时达到峰值,具体表达量水平的顺序为:0.0002 mmol·L~(-1)0.001 mmol·L~(-1)0.005 mmol·L~(-1)。ANT基因的表达量在不同浓度下则均表现为明显的下调趋势。由此可见,急性Cd~(2+)胁迫不仅影响脊尾白虾的氧化应激相关生理指标,还影响机体内组成型HSC70及与能量传递有关的ANT基因的表达水平。