南四湖表层底泥磷的化学形态及其释放规律

对南四湖8组表层底泥样品中的总磷及6组样品磷的化学形态进行了测试,同时,进行了不同的温度、pH及扰动条件下底泥磷释放实验。结果表明:表层底泥中总磷含量较高,0.801～1.483mg/g,其中,南阳湖和独山湖河流入湖口附近总磷含量高;磷主要以铁结合态磷Fe-P存在,含量0.745～1.332mg/g,占总磷TP的89.81%～95.48%,铝结合态磷Al-P含量为0.3781～1.0046μg/g,占TP的0.042%～0.088%,碎屑态磷Ca-P含量为6.6439～72.1862μg/g,占TP的0.582%～4.868%,闭蓄态磷Oc-P含量为0.6914～3.2624μg/g,占TP的0.042%～0.332%,交换态磷Ex-P,含量为4.7541～19.3843μg/g,占TP的0.321%～1.049%。有机磷Or-P含量在0.5869～9.2546μg/g,只占TP含量的0.057%～0.811%。南四湖表层底泥中无机磷占绝对优势,说明南四湖底泥主要以无机相沉积,因此底泥中的磷极易释放进入水相。磷释放与多种因素有关,释放实验表明,温度的升高和扰动作用有利于底泥磷的释放,酸性条件下底泥磷的释放量要大于碱性条件。     

重金属对蚯蚓的毒性毒理研究

通过室内模拟实验以及对株洲市重金属污染区农田土壤中采样，进行了重金属对蚯蚓的毒性毒理研究．毒性实验表明，各重金属元素４８ｈ的ＬＤ５０分别为：Ｃｄ１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｐｂ８１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｃｕ６３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｈｇ３０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｚｎ５２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｃｒ４２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ．对蚯蚓毒理研究证明，重金属对蚯蚓酯酶同工酶有抑活作用，而重金属对蚯蚓过氧化物酶同工酶有激活作用．在光镜下观察，可见重金属污染可引起蚯蚓的体表溃疡及产生肿瘤，可使胃肠道粘膜层出血、背血管肿胀，同时可引起胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞产生萎缩或溃疡灶．蚯蚓特有的黄色细胞团污染程度不同而显示出消长规律．在电镜下可见到在重污染区的蚯蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞中的ｒＥＲ肿胀、高尔基体膨大，线粒体嵴消失，甚至空泡化或解体．另可见细胞核膜间隙肿胀、断裂、核质外溢，胞质自溶．蚯蚓以上病变的大小是随土壤重金属污染区的污染级别而定；各病理变化指标均能定性地反映土壤重金属污染状况．     

响应面法优化Fenton处理难降解反渗透垃圾浓缩渗滤液

采用了基于中心复合设计(CCD)的响应面分析方法(RSM)研究了Fenton试剂处理难降解反渗透垃圾浓缩渗滤液过程中初始pH、FeSO4.7H2O用量、[H2O2]/[Fe2+]摩尔比3个因素对浓缩液中COD去除率的影响。由Design Ex-pert 7.1软件设计分析实验数据,得到了一个二次响应曲面模型,模型具有较高的回归率(R2=0.9699),与实验结果吻合程度较高。该模型显示COD的去除率与3个因素之间不是简单的单调函数关系,它们彼此之间存在一个最佳数值而使去除率达到最高。H2O2与Fe2+之间具有很强的相互增效作用,COD的去除由氧化作用和混凝作用共同完成。在最佳pH值为3.75,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为17.91 mmol/L、[H2O2]/[Fe2+]摩尔比为1.36的反应条件下,COD去除率能达到最高值(72.25%)。     

臭氧/ 生物活性炭深度处理循环养殖废水

随着工厂化循环水养殖的不断发展,高浓度循环养殖废水对环境污染日益严重.为实现环境友好和资源节约,采用臭氧/生物活性炭对循环养殖废水进行深度处理中试研究.实验结果表明,臭氧化臭氧最佳投加量为4 mg/L,显著增强水体的可生化性,使TOC(总有机碳)/UV254(在波长为254 nm处的单位比色皿光程下的紫外吸光度)提高80%.臭氧/生物活性炭对循环养殖废水中的有机物和氨氮具有良好的去除效果.臭氧/生物活性炭对TOC、高锰酸盐指数和UV254的最终去除率比生物活性炭分别高11.9%、13.4%和6.5%.臭氧/生物活性炭和生物活性炭对氨氮的最终去除率分别为96.0%、90.7%.     

多环芳烃生物修复中的表面活性剂

由于其致癌、致突变和致畸性，多环芳烃(PAHs)成为环境中一类重要的有机污染物。生物修复是一种经济和有效的修复污染土壤的方法。由于PAHs低的水溶性、强的吸附性，使其生物可利用性降低，不利于生物修复。添加表面活性剂是一种常见的加强PAHs生物利用性的方法。文章概述了近年来在多环芳烃生物修复中关于表面活性剂的研究进展。     

Machine learning and computational chemistry to improve biochar fertilizers: a review

Traditional fertilizers are highly inefficient, with a major loss of nutrients and associated pollution. Alternatively, biochar loaded with phosphorous is a sustainable fertilizer that improves soil structure, stores carbon in soils, and provides plant nutrients in the long run, yet most biochars are not optimal because mechanisms ruling biochar properties are poorly known. This issue can be solved by recent developments in machine learning and computational chemistry. Here we review phosphorus-loaded biochar with emphasis on computational chemistry, machine learning, organic acids, drawbacks of classical fertilizers, biochar production, phosphorus loading, and mechanisms of phosphorous release. Modeling techniques allow for deciphering the influence of individual variables on biochar, employing various supervised learning models tailored to different biochar types. Computational chemistry provides knowledge on factors that control phosphorus binding, e.g., the type of phosphorus compound, soil constituents, mineral surfaces, binding motifs, water, solution pH, and redox potential. Phosphorus release from biochar is controlled by coexisting anions, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial phosphorus concentration, and temperature. Pyrolysis temperatures below 600 °C enhance functional group retention, while temperatures below 450 °C increase plant-available phosphorus. Lower pH values promote phosphorus release, while higher pH values hinder it. Physical modifications, such as increasing surface area and pore volume, can maximize the adsorption capacity of phosphorus-loaded biochar. Furthermore, the type of organic acid affects phosphorus release, with low molecular weight organic acids being advantageous for soil utilization. Lastly, biochar-based fertilizers release nutrients 2–4 times slower than conventional fertilizers.

     

Utilisation of environmentally friendly okara-based biosorbent for cadmium(II) removal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metals released by various industries are among the major pollutants found in water resources. In this research, biosorption technique was...     

Production and uptake of dissolved carbon,nitrogen, and phosphorus in overlying water of aquaculture shrimp ponds in subtropical estuaries,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water quality deterioration can adversely affect the long-term sustainability of aquaculture industry. Understanding the processes of nutrient...