汞对毛苕——根瘤菌共生固氮的影响

本文以浓度梯度法研究了重金属离子二价汞对豆科根瘤菌和寄主毛苕生长结瘤固氮酶活性的影响。研究表明,根瘤菌各菌株间对Hg~(2 )的忍耐程度有差异。当Hg~(2 )浓度为2ppm时,多数菌株仍能正常生长;5ppm时,受不同程度的抑制;10ppm时,受到严重抑制,有些菌株完全不能生长;20ppm以上,所有供试菌株完全不能生长。在水培条件下,当Hg~(2 )达10ppm、土培为50ppm时,毛苕的结瘤固氮受影响;水培20ppm、土培200ppm以上时,植物根部完全不结瘤。本工作初次阐明了汞对某些根廇菌-寄主毛苕的毒害,为鉴别污染程度和农业环境质量评价提供了科学依根。     

0D/3D direct Z-scheme heterojunctions hybridizing by MoS2 quantum dots and honeycomb conjugated triazine polymers (CTPs) for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Herein, a novel direct Z-scheme photocatalyst was accomplished by hybridization of 0D MoS₂ quantum dots (MSQDs) and 3D honeycomb-like conjugated triazine polymers (CTP) (namely, CTP-MSQD). The unique 0D/3D hierarchical structure significantly enhanced the exposure of active sites and light harvesting property, while the formed p-n junction enabled the direct strong interface coupling without the necessity of any mediators. The optimized CTP-MSQD3 exhibited continuously increased visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and strong durability both in Cr(VI) reduction and H₂ evolution, featured a rate of 0.069 min⁻¹ and 1070 µmol/(hr∙g), respectively, which were 8 times than those of pure 3D-CTP (0.009 min⁻¹ and 129 µmol/(hr∙g)). We believe that this work provides a promising photocatalyst system that combines a 0D/3D hierarchical structure and a Z-scheme charge flow for efficient and stable photocatalytic conversion.     

花园城市建设中的绿地系统问题研究——以南昌市为例

分析了南昌市绿化的地理背景、存在的差距和主要问题。从重建城市生态及完善城市防灾体系的角度，因地制宜地提出了发展特色鲜明的城市绿地系统的相应对策与措施。     

放射性核素在海水、底质及海洋生物间的转移--Ⅱ.生物过程的作用

本实验把扁藻、三角褐指藻、文蛤、毛蚶、对虾、罗非鱼等海洋生物引入人工水池小生境后,研究~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co、~(59)Fe、~(54)Mn等核素在这一体系中行为的变化.结果表明,引入扁藻.三角褐指藻后,首先改变了~(54)Mn的存在状态,使其不易富集在藻体上;引入实验动物一个月后,并没有减少原先浮游藻类、底质对核素的吸附,但水体中相当部分的~(54)Mn、~(60)Co已转移至动物体中,池底粪粒沉淀物中的~(54)Mn、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co、~(59)Fe的含量也相当高,从而大大改变了核素在人工水池小生境中的转移规律.     

氧瓶燃烧法与冷原子吸光光度法测定煤中痕量汞

本文介绍了以氧瓶燃烧法处理煤样,氯化亚锡还原汞离子,用冷原子吸收法测定汞的含量。同时,对氧瓶燃烧法处理煤样的可靠性进行了考察。     

某排污扩散器水力特性的实验研究

对某实际排污工程多喷头扩散器的水力特性进行了系统的实验研究。内容包括：在不同污水排放是、环境流速和潮位情况下，扩散器各喷头的流量分配，喷口流速分布；扩散器管路的冲洗，水流阻力特性等；以及扩散器近区稀释特性分析，结论对实际排污系统设计有一定的参考价值。     

Treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater by electrocoagulation: system performances and sludge settling characteristics

Treatment of copper chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater from a semiconductor plant by electrocoagulation is investigated. The CMP wastewater was characterized by high suspended solids (SS) content, high turbidity (NTU), chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration up to 500 mgl(-1) and copper concentration up to 100 mgl(-1). In the present study, electrocoagulation was employed to treat the CMP wastewater with an attempt to simultaneously lower its turbidity, copper and COD concentrations. The test results indicated that electrocoagulation with Al/Fe electrode pair was very efficient and able to achieve 99% copper ion and 96.5% turbidity removal in less than 30 min. The COD removal obtained in the treatment was better than 85%, with an effluent COD below 100 mgl(-1). The effluent wastewater was very clear and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard. In addition, sludge settling velocities after electrocoagulation were measured and the data were employed to verify the empirical sludge settling velocity models. Finally, the sludge settling characteristic data were also utilized to establish the relation between the solids flux (G) and the initial solids concentration.     

“引黄入呼”取水口动态性水环境容量计算

针对黄河呼和浩特段沿线水体持续污染为"引黄入呼"取水口带来的水环境质量问题,采用MIKE三维水动力和水质耦合模型,进行了"引黄入呼"取水口水环境容量动态性研究,这对取水口水安全与上游排污能力协调、稳定推进呼和浩特市饮用水的健康运行具有重要意义.结果表明:按照90%供水保证率进行计算,黄河呼和浩特段"引黄入呼"取水口处可以满足"引黄入呼"取水需求,流量剩余量在结冰枯水期可达5250%,丰水期可达42500%;黄河呼和浩特段"引黄入呼"取水口处DO、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~-、BOD、TP、FC、COD均可满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类标准中的相关限值,整体水体状况良好,都具有一定的容量,NH_4~+-N、NO_3~-、BOD、TP、FC剩余容量较大,COD容量较小但DO容量较大,经分析,目前没有富营养化、藻类大量繁殖等不良趋势发生,短时间内容量较为稳定;DO、NO_3~-、FC、TP水环境容量通年较为平稳,分别在1.97 mg·L~(-1)、6.25 mg·L~(-1)、9327个·g-1、0.12 mg·L~(-1)附近波动;NH_4~+-N、BOD、COD最小水环境容量分别出现在4月(0.27 mg·L~(-1))、9月(0.70 mg·L~(-1))、6月(0.20 mg·L~(-1)),最大水环境容量均出现在7月,分别为0.72、2.80、7.57 mg·L~(-1).     

Interaction between Cu and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu^2 + and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu^2 + uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu^2 +. The uptake of Cu^2 + by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu^2 +, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 +. The presence of Cu^2 + exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu^2 + caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu^2 + complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu^2 + in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 + may be contributing to this straining effect.     

蚕豆对铯的吸收蓄积及亚细胞分布研究

采用改良水培法培养蚕豆幼苗至2片真叶,置于含铯(ρ(Cs+)8.24(CK)~200 mg·L~(-1))的营养液中处理7 d、14 d、21 d后取样。采用差速离心法分离亚细胞组分,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定根、茎、叶及各亚细胞组分的Cs+含量,分析蚕豆幼苗对Cs+的吸收蓄积及亚细胞分布特点,研究蚕豆对Cs+的富集转运特征及耐受机理。结果显示:蚕豆3种器官对Cs+的蓄积量为根叶茎,根对Cs+的蓄积量占总量的65.13%~83.17%,最高(ρ(Cs+)200 mg·L~(-1)时)达到518.40 mg·kg~(-1)FW(7 d)、1 949.74 mg·kg~(-1)FW(14 d)和3 614.03 mg·kg~(-1)FW(21 d);蚕豆根、茎、叶中Cs+的亚细胞分布主要集中在细胞壁和可溶性组分中,Cs+相对含量分别达到75.84%~99.06%(根)、79.06%~100%(茎)、82.95%~100%(叶);细胞核、前质体、叶绿体和线粒体等细胞器仅含少量的Cs+(25%)。结果表明,蚕豆根、茎、叶细胞主要通过阻滞作用,将Cs+结合固定在细胞壁,并将进入细胞质基质的一部分Cs+转运到液泡内,暂时或"永久性"存贮,有效降低了细胞器、胞质溶胶(cytosol)及内含物中的Cs+含量,极大地减缓了Cs+对细胞器的功能性损伤,这是短期内蚕豆未表现出明显中毒症状的原因,也是蚕豆耐受Cs+胁迫的重要机理之一。