环境污染损害案件中司法鉴定启动模式研究

目前中国的相关法律对于司法鉴定启动程序的规定存在不一致、不细致等问题,实践中难以达成一致.考虑到环境污染损害专业性、技术性以及证据的易逝性等特点,在环境污染损害案件中,应当允许当事人自行委托鉴定,即中国环境污染损害案件中司法鉴定启动模式应当采取当事人自行委托鉴定、当事人申请启动以及法院依职权启动相结合的模式,使得司法鉴定启动权在当事人与法院之间进行合理的配置.     

气相动态顶空法分析水源水中61种挥发性有机物

建立了用于饮用水源水中61种挥发性有机物（VOCs）同时进行分析的气相-动态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法（D-HS-GC-MS）,VOCs包括集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目中的31种VOCs。用D-HS-GC-MS法对水样中VOCs进行分析,获得良好的标准曲线线性关系（均大于0.995,溴二氯甲烷除外）,除乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和环氧氯丙烷的方法检出限分别为15 g/L、13 g/L、11 g/L和11 g/L外,其余VOCs的方法检出限均介于0.10～0.58 g/L,饮用水源水实际样品加标回收率和RSD分别为75.8%～116%和1.16%～21.6%（n=3）。气相-动态顶空进样法相对于常见的吹脱捕集法具有不直接接触样品的优势,避免了仪器被样品污染,用于饮用水源水中几十种VOCs的同时分析,在常规监测中可节省大量的人力物力投入。     

Public perception of locally unwanted facilities in Hong Kong: implications for conflict resolution

This paper aims to investigate factors affecting public attitude towards the siting of locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) and to explore the possible strategies to resolve such conflicts. Three questionnaire surveys were undertaken in communities with different siting experiences and socio-economic profiles. Over 750 individuals were successfully interviewed in each study district. The three communities were found to share similar risk beliefs but show variations in the level of awareness of and response to LULUs. In communities with a disproportionate share of LULUs, many residents did not trust the government in handling LULU issues and thought that the siting process was unfair. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis show that people are likely to oppose the siting of a LULU in their community if they have a negative siting experience, do not perceive the need, accord a high risk to the facility and have a low level of trust in government. The resolution strategies preferred by the public are greater public participation and effective mitigation of risks and impacts, rather than provision of compensation and incentives. All these call for policy-makers to be sensitive to local concerns, engage the public in the process, communicate risks effectively and foster trust building.     

Research on the exploitation and utilization degree of mineral water based on ecological base flow in the Changbai Mountain basalt area,northeast China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Mineral water from the Changbai Mountain basalt area is China's most important source of drinking water. Mineral water with abundant output and enriched...     

Characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in Hong Kong

This is the first integrated study on the contaminant characterization and toxicities of a shipyard area. This site in Hong Kong contained 3.6-33.4 mg kg(-1) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 5-79 g kg(-1) oil and grease. Other pollutants exceeding the Dutch intervention values were total polyaromatic hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals Cu, Pb and Zn. These pollutants persisted partially owing to the poor fertility with <125 mg N kg(-1) and <530 mg P kg(-1) typical of coastal soil. Sediments collected within 100 m also showed contamination exceeding the China and Hong Kong intervention levels. The shipyard soil killed two bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter sp. isolated from a clean coastal soil, inhibited germination of three exogenous plants Triticum aestivum, Brassica chinense and Lolium perenne, and inhibited proliferation of three indigenous bacteria: Methylobacterium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Thus, ex situ remediation was needed.     

Influence of solution acidity and CaCl2 concentration on the removal of heavy metals from metal-contaminated rice soils

Soil washing is considered a useful technique for remediating metal-contaminated soils. This study examined the release edges of Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu or Pb in two contaminated rice soils from central Taiwan. The concentrations exceeding the trigger levels established by the regulatory agency of Taiwan were Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr for the Ho-Mei soil and Pb for the Nan-Tou soil. Successive extractions with HCl ranging from 0 to 0.2 M showed increased release of the heavy metals with declining pH, and the threshold pH value below which a sharp increase in the releases of the heavy metals was highest for Cd, Zn, and Ni (pH 4.6 to 4.9), intermediate for Pb and Cu (3.1 to 3.8) and lowest for Fe (2.1), Al (2.2) and Cr (1.7) for the soils. The low response slope of Ni and Cr particularly for the rice soils make soil washing with the acid up to the highest concentration used ineffective to reduce their concentrations to below trigger levels. Although soil washing with 0.1 M HCl was moderately effective in reducing Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, which brought pH of the soils to 1.1+/-0.1 (S.D.), the concurrent release of large quantities of Fe and Al make this remediation technique undesirable for the rice soils containing high clay. Successive washings with 0.01 M HCl could be considered an alternative as the dissolution of Fe and Al was minimal, and between 46 to 64% of Cd, Zn, and Cu for the Ho-Mei soil and 45% of Pb in the Na-Tou soil were extracted after four successive extractions with this dilute acid solution. The efficacy of Cd extraction improved if CaCl2 was added to the acid solution. The correlation analysis revealed that Cr extracted was highly correlated (P < 0.001) with Fe extracted, whereas the Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd or Pb extracted was better correlated (P < 0.001) with Al than with Fe extracted. It is possible that the past seasonal soil flooding and drainage in the soils for rice production was conducive to incorporating Cr within the structure of Fe oxide, thereby making them extremely insoluble even in 0.2 M HCl solution. The formation of solid solution of Ni with Al oxide was also possible, making it far less extractable than Cd, Zn, Cu, or Pb with the acid concentrations used.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定固定污染源废气中挥发性脂肪胺

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定固定污染源废气中甲胺、二甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺和三乙胺,通过优化相关测定条件,使5种挥发性脂肪胺在0.005 mg/L～25.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.004 mg/m3～0.4 mg/m3(以采集20 L空气样品计).5种挥发性脂肪胺的加标回收率为91.0％～113％,6次测定结...     

Initiatives and outcomes of green supply chain management implementation by Chinese manufacturers

This paper aims to explore the green supply chain management (GSCM) initiatives (implementation) of various manufacturing industrial sectors in China and examine the links between GSCM initiatives and performance outcomes. We conducted a survey to collect data from four typical manufacturing industrial sectors in China, namely, power generating, chemical/petroleum, electrical/electronic and automobile, and received 171 valid organizational responses for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results are consistent with our prediction that the different manufacturing industry types display different levels of GSCM implementation and outcomes. We specifically found that the electrical/electronic industry has relatively higher levels of GSCM implementation and achieves better performance outcomes than the other three manufacturer types. Implications of the results are discussed and suggestions for further research on the implementation of GSCM are offered.     

07A系列军用制式皮鞋研制

本文根据部队官兵需要,明确了重新研制07A系列军用制式皮鞋的重要意义,并逐一说明了07A系列常服皮鞋、礼服皮鞋的产品特点。     

磁场-铋膜电极伏安法测定废水中痕量Pb2+

采用磁场-铋膜电极伏安法测定废水中痕量Pb2+.铋和铅同时沉积在电极表面形成铋膜电极,为Pb2+的测定提供了一个无汞环境.在高浓度Fe3+存在时,外加磁场促进了Pb2+在电极上的沉积.在磁感应强度0.6 T、Fe3+浓度0.09 mol/L、Bi3+浓度10 μmol/L、沉积电位-0.8 V、沉积时间60 s的最佳实验条件下,该方法对Pb2+的仪器检测灵敏度为4.61μA/(μmol·L-1),线性范围为0.01～1.00μmol/L,检出限为8.5×10-4μtxmol/L.