铬污染土壤复电阻率数学模型参数反演

为使复电阻率探测方法在铬渣污染场地探测领域取得应用,需要建立土壤的复电阻率模型,包括模型选择及参数反演. 矩阵实验室(Matrix Laboratory,Matlab)的优化工具箱提供了基于置信域方法的最小二乘曲线拟合求解算法,为优化方法在工程中的实际应用提供了更方便、更快捷的途径. 在大量土壤样品复电阻率实测数据基础上,采用置信域方法并结合各模型的参数约束,反演了Cole-Cole模型的参数. 结果表明:基于置信域方法的最小二乘曲线拟合求解算法可以准确求取复电阻率模型参数,但前提是必须提供较精确的初始值;与使用复电阻率幅值和相位的联合反演相比,单独考虑幅值或者相位的反演也能够取得相近的效果.      

Degradation of metronidazole by dielectric barrier discharge in an aqueous solution

The discharge characteristics during the degradation of MNZ by DBD were investigated. Increasing the discharge frequency can promote the degradation of MNZ. MNZ removal reaches 99.1% at the initial concentration of 40 ppm within 120 min. Coexisting organic matter inhibits the degradation of MNZ. The energy efficiency of DBD for MNZ removal is higher than other technologies. Degradation of metronidazole (MNZ) which is a representative and stable antibiotic by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in an aqueous solution has been studied. Effects of initial MNZ concentration, solution pH and coexisting organics on the degradation were investigated. The results illustrated that increasing the input power and the discharge frequency can improve the removal of MNZ. At low initial concentration, the removal of MNZ can reach up to 99.1%. Acidic and neutral conditions are more favorable for MNZ removal than alkaline condition in the early stage of degradation. However, the difference in MNZ removal between those in acidic or neutral media and that in alkaline one could be neglected with prolonging of the treatment time. Therefore, this method can be applied to MNZ degradation with a wide pH range. Coexisting organic matter in water can attenuate the removal to some extent. This study could provide valuable references for the degradation of nitroimidazole antibiotics by DBD.     

Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and epoxide hydrolase 1 play roles in asthma

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Asthma, as one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adults, is a consequence of complex gene–environment interactions. Polycyclic...     

一起换流站直流电压跌落异常分析

针对某换流站直流电压跌落异常事件,分析直流控制系统响应逻辑的正确性及导致电压跌落的直接原因为交流滤波器选相合闸效果欠佳。通过分析断路器选相合闸装置现场实际应用情况及存在的问题及此类投切滤波器组合闸原理及策略,提出优化合闸策略定值的解决措施。应用结果表明:结合一次设备运维状态,动态优化选相合闸装置定值可有效降低直流电压异常跌落的风险。     

受火钢框架的落锤冲击响应数值模拟

运用有限元程序ABAQUS进行数值模拟,研究不同温度下受撞击载荷钢框架结构的动力响应和梁柱连接性能,重点考察了三种梁-柱连接形式:即全焊接连接、平齐式端板连接、外伸式端板连接等对钢框架抗冲击性能的影响。对于受火和自重作用的钢框架,比较了梁的跨中挠度和梁柱交点处沿梁方向的位移,以及结构在不同环境温度下的温度场;进而采用温度加载和落锤冲击共同作用,得出结构的梁柱节点破坏模式和钢梁的临界屈曲温度,以及落锤撞击过程中跨中挠度和撞击力的发展。模拟结果表明,外伸式连接框架高温作用下的抗落锤冲击性能最好。     

Effect of pipe materials on disinfection by-products and bacterial communities during sulfamethazine chlorination in a pilot-scale water distribution system

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water research is usually done using simplified devices, e.g., beakers, in laboratory glassware, and thus may yield results that are not representative of real...     

一种新型湿地公园在水环境修复中的应用

近年来,利用人工湿地技术修复水环境,进而建设湿地公园成为一大热点,但人工湿地工艺存在不容忽视的缺陷。成都市凤凰河二沟湿地公园创新性的采用人工快渗+表面流人工湿地组合工艺修复水环境,两者互为补充,互为强化,COD、BOD5、氨氮、TP去除率分别达85%～95%、85%～95%、95%～98%、70%～80%,即使低温环境污染物降解效果也很稳定。     

湿热海岸沙漠环境特征与干热沙漠环境特征对比分析

目的 对比分析海岸沙漠与干热沙漠的环境特征。方法 基于对温度、湿度、太阳辐射等典型环境要素的极值、月变化、累计作用日和日变化等的对比研究,掌握2类沙漠环境特征的差异。结果 湿热海岸沙漠常年高温年平均气温接近30℃,最高气温达到47.2℃。干热沙漠环境月温度变化明显。湿热海岸沙漠环境高温累计作用时间长,日最高温超过35℃的天数为190d。受海洋气候的影响,湿热海岸沙漠湿度比干热沙漠高约10%,因此湿热海岸沙漠更容易出现结露的现象。湿热海岸沙漠月辐射量均维持在较高水平,而干热沙漠在冬季月总辐射急剧降低。2种沙漠环境的年均降水量均较小,海岸沙漠环境略大于干热沙漠环境,干热沙漠环境年降水量波动不大。受海洋气候的影响,海岸沙漠环境降水量年分布差异极大。结论 湿热海洋大气作用下的海岸沙漠环境酷热,且高温持续时间极长,湿热海岸沙漠环境中使用的产品需加强耐极端高温和长期高温的环境适应性设计,高分子材料更易变形。相比于干热沙漠,湿热海岸沙漠湿度更高,更易出现结露的现象,金属材料更易发生腐蚀。湿热海岸沙漠总辐射比干热沙漠高,高分材料易发生老化,寿命降低。受海洋气候影响,海岸沙漠降水量年分布差异极大,湿热海...     

A Method for Locating Influential Pollution Sources and Estimating Their Contributions

This work develops a source-oriented approach to locate the influential pollution sources and estimate their contributions to pollutant concentrations observed at a receptor site. The domain containing possible influential pollution sources is divided into systematic grid cells, and the influential grid sources are determined based on the locations of the segment endpoints of air trajectories arriving at the receptors. The contribution of each grid source is initially calculated using a formula derived from a Lagrangian box model and including the effects of source emissions, atmospheric dilution, and chemical transformation and deposition. The formula is described in detail in this study. Finally, the average contribution of each grid source is determined based on numerous analyzed events. The proposed approach was used to locate influential pollution sources and determine their contributions to a rural monitoring station during periods of high SO₂ pollution in southern Taiwan. The contributions of sources in various 2 km by 2 km grid cells, five districts, three source categories, 8 industrial areas, and a power plant were evaluated. The results show that the major influential sources were in the northwestern region of south Taiwan, and belonged to three district and point sources. Furthermore, two industrial areas close to the evaluated stations were also very significant, and contributed about 30% of the total pollution.     

NaCl盐度波动对处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥沉降性能的影响

以处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥为研究对象,分别采用有效容积为2和240 L的SBR装置(编号1#和2#),在进水NH3-N浓度为40~100 mg/L,pH为7.45~8.0,溶解氧为3~5 mg/L,温度为28~30℃的条件下,分别研究不同NaCl盐度(0、10、20和30 g/L)对污泥沉降性的影响。实验结果表明,在NaCl盐度条件下,可以明显改善耐盐脱氮污泥的沉降性。NaCl盐度越高,污泥絮凝体体积减小、丝状菌及原生动物减少趋势越明显,污泥沉降性效果越好。在30 g/L盐度时,1#和2#SBR的SV30分别从95%和80%降至53%和30%,SVI分别从185.5和170.8 mL/g降至127.3和78.4 mL/g。