为了解南海海岸带地区河流及其生物体中药物及个人护理用品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)的污染水平、空间分布特征及其潜在风险,本研究采用固相萃取和高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定了潮汕地区7条河流水样及生物样品中的20种PPCPs.结果表明,高达16和18种PPCPs分别能在潮汕入海河流和生物体中检测出,河流和生物体中目标物的含量范围分别为0.30~2 223ng·L-1和0.143~80.3ng·g-1,且多种污染物检出率较高.PPCPs在潮汕各河流和生物中的含量差异较大,PPCPs浓度最高的河流为黄冈河、练江和黄江,磺胺甲■唑和咖啡因是主要的污染物;黄冈河、韩江、练江和螺河生物体中的PPCPs总浓度较高于龙江和溶江生物中PPCPs的含量,甲氧苄氨嘧啶、磺胺噻唑和咖啡因是生物中主要的污染物,鱼类的PPCPs含量总量明显高于蟹类和贝类.计算所得河流生物浓缩系数(BCF)值显示多种目标物在潮汕生物体内具有累积性,其中鱼类中的BCF值较高,比蟹类和贝类更易形成生物累积.运用风险商值模型(... 相似文献
Traditional fertilizers are highly inefficient, with a major loss of nutrients and associated pollution. Alternatively, biochar loaded with phosphorous is a sustainable fertilizer that improves soil structure, stores carbon in soils, and provides plant nutrients in the long run, yet most biochars are not optimal because mechanisms ruling biochar properties are poorly known. This issue can be solved by recent developments in machine learning and computational chemistry. Here we review phosphorus-loaded biochar with emphasis on computational chemistry, machine learning, organic acids, drawbacks of classical fertilizers, biochar production, phosphorus loading, and mechanisms of phosphorous release. Modeling techniques allow for deciphering the influence of individual variables on biochar, employing various supervised learning models tailored to different biochar types. Computational chemistry provides knowledge on factors that control phosphorus binding, e.g., the type of phosphorus compound, soil constituents, mineral surfaces, binding motifs, water, solution pH, and redox potential. Phosphorus release from biochar is controlled by coexisting anions, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial phosphorus concentration, and temperature. Pyrolysis temperatures below 600 °C enhance functional group retention, while temperatures below 450 °C increase plant-available phosphorus. Lower pH values promote phosphorus release, while higher pH values hinder it. Physical modifications, such as increasing surface area and pore volume, can maximize the adsorption capacity of phosphorus-loaded biochar. Furthermore, the type of organic acid affects phosphorus release, with low molecular weight organic acids being advantageous for soil utilization. Lastly, biochar-based fertilizers release nutrients 2–4 times slower than conventional fertilizers.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metals released by various industries are among the major pollutants found in water resources. In this research, biosorption technique was... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water quality deterioration can adversely affect the long-term sustainability of aquaculture industry. Understanding the processes of nutrient... 相似文献