Ambient volatile organic compounds at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region: Variations, source apportionment and effects on ozone formation

We present the continuously measurements of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） at a receptor site（Wan Qing Sha, WQS） in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region from September to November of 2017. The average mixing ratios of total VOCs（TVOCs） was 36.3 ± 27.9 ppbv with the dominant contribution from alkanes（55.5%）, followed by aromatics（33.3%）. The diurnal variation of TVOCs showed a strong photochemical consumption during daytime,resulting in the formation of ozone（O₃）. Five VOC sources were ...     

2015—2020年湖北省PM2.5和臭氧复合污染特征演变分析

为揭示湖北省PM_2.5和臭氧(O₃)复合污染演变特征,基于湖北省17个地市的空气质量国控点和武汉市大气超级站组分监测数据,全面分析湖北省17个地市2015—2020年PM_2.5和O₃的时空变化特征及相关关系,探讨PM_2.5和O₃协同效应的成因机理. 结果表明:①2015—2020年,湖北省PM_2.5显著改善,平均降幅为4.7 μg/(m3·a),但冬季负荷仍较高,主要集中于中部地区;O₃污染凸显,平均增幅为3.8 μg/(m3·a),污染集中在4—10月的暖季,东部地区最严重,近两年超标天数已与PM_2.5相当. ②湖北省PM_2.5和O₃关联日趋密切,协同效应显著,日评价指标显示夏季二者呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.57),近两年当PM_2.5浓度≤50 μg/m3时,相关系数高达0.63;冬季PM_2.5浓度与O_x(O₃+NO₂)浓度呈正相关,尤其2020年东部城市二者相关性高达0.46,显示大气氧化性对PM_2.5二次污染的重要性. ③以武汉市为例,归纳PM_2.5和O₃复合污染的成因,暖季低PM_2.5背景下,高温、中等湿度和弱风速的气象条件以及VOCs和NO_x等前体物的高浓度排放,使得受VOCs主控的光化学反应加剧,易造成O₃污染,从而加强PM_2.5二次生成;冬季高的大气氧化性,叠加不利气象条件,促进颗粒物的二次生成,导致重污染时PM_2.5组分以硝酸盐等二次无机组分为主. 研究显示,湖北省PM_2.5和O₃协同控制重点为,在保持现有NO_x控制力度基础上强化VOCs控制,遏制暖季和东部区域O₃浓度上升,加强冬季和中部PM_2.5治理.      

用代处置手段加强危险废物的管理

代处置是危险废物管理的强制手段，是行政代执行的具体表现形式之一。行政代执行作为一项间接强制措施，在国外立法中已被广泛采用。本文从危险废物代处置的概念、条件、要求、程序等方面进行了分析，为环保部门运用代处置措施进行危险废物管理提供参考。     

Characterizing the optimal operation of photocatalytic degradation of BDE-209 by nano-sized TiO2

Brominated flame retardants have been widely used in industry. There is a rapid growing public concern for their availabilities in the environment. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a promising and efficient technology which may be used to remove emerging chemicals such as brominated flame retardants. This project aims at investigating optimal operational conditions for the removal of BDE-209 using nano-scaled titanium(IV) oxide. The residual PBDE congeners after photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 by TiO₂ were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the degradability of BDE-209 by TiO₂ was attributed to its photocatalytic activity but not the small size of the particles. The half-life of removing BDE-209 by TiO₂ was 3.05 days under visible light. Tetra- and penta-BDEs were the major degraded products of BDE-209. Optimum conditions for photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 was found to be at pH 12 (93% ± 1%), 5, 10, 20 mg/L (93.0% ± 1.70%, 91.6% ± 3.21%, 91.9% ± 0.952%, respectively), respectively of humic acid and in the form of anatase/rutile TiO₂ (82% ± 3%). Hence, the efficiency of removing BDE-209 can be maximized while being cost effective at the said operating conditions.     

节能型虹吸式滗水器的设计与应用

详细介绍了虹吸式滗水器的构成、特点及工作原理,结合理论和实践经验给出了虹吸式滗水器的设计、计算方法及关键设计参数,提出了常规使用方法,整套设备的设计全面而简单明了。     

基于边际治理成本的环境保护税税率标准探究与政策建议

税负水平是税收调节作用的重要因素,各地区需要科学地制定符合本地区发展水平的环境保护税税率来平衡环境保护与经济发展.基于2016年东北某省14个市的钢铁、电力、化工、水泥行业的排污及治理成本数据,建立污染削减费用函数模型,计算该省大气、水中主要污染物的边际治理成本,并设置不同环境保护税税率的情景方案,以探究环境保护税税率对该省经济发展的影响.结果表明:①SO₂、NO_x、COD、NH₃-N的边际治理成本分别为3.44、5.03、3.81、8.15元/污染当量. ②重点行业主要污染物的边际治理成本不同,钢铁行业主要污染物的边际治理成本较高,其COD、NH₃-N的边际治理成本均高于总体边际治理成本;化工行业的COD边际治理成本高于总体边际治理成本;电力行业的大气主要污染物边际治理成本高于总体边际治理成本;水泥行业的大气主要污染物边际治理成本则相对较低. ③适当提高环境保护税税率对经济发展总体影响不大.研究显示:该省的边际治理成本远高于目前的环境保护税征收标准,若以边际治理成本作为环境保护税税率,不但会增加企业负担,而且会导致不同行业的边际治理成本相差较大,因此,建议提高该省的环境保护税税率标准,即大气污染物征收标准为2.4元/污染当量,水污染物征收标准为2.8元/污染当量,并设置环境保护税税率的行业差异化,将有利于政策功能的发挥.      

Adsorption characteristics of benzene on biosolid adsorbent and commercial activated carbons

This study selected biosolids from a petrochemical waste-water treatment plant as the raw material. The sludge was immersed in 0.5-5 M of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solutions and pyrolyzed at different temperatures and times. Results indicated that the 1-M ZnCl2-immersed biosolids pyrolyzed at 500 degrees C for 30 min could be reused and were optimal biosolid adsorbents for benzene adsorption. Pore volume distribution analysis indicated that the mesopore contributed more than the macropore and micropore in the biosolid adsorbent. The benzene adsorption capacity of the biosolid adsorbent was 65 and 55% of the G206 (granular-activated carbon) and BPL (coal-based activated carbon; Calgon, Carbon Corp.) activated carbons, respectively. Data from the adsorption and desorption cycles indicated that the benzene adsorption capacity of the biosolid adsorbent was insignificantly reduced compared with the first-run capacity of the adsorbent; therefore, the biosolid adsorbent could be reused as a commercial adsorbent, although its production cost is high.     

Estimating the generation of recycled metals from obsolete motorcycles in Vietnam for ELV management

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The demand for various modes of transportation has significantly increased around the world due to rapid urbanization, the increase in population,...