APPLICATION OF PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR CALIBRATING TANK MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Many automatic calibration processes have been proposed to efficiently calibrate the 16 parameters involved in the four‐layered tank model. The Multistart Powell and Stuffed Complex Evolution (SCE) methods are considered the best two procedures. Two rainfall events were designed to compare the performance and efficiency of these two methods. The first rainfall event is short term and the second designed for long term rainfall data collection. Both rainfall events include a lengthy no‐rainfall period. Two sets of upper and lower values for the search range were selected for the numerical tests. The results show that the Multistart Powell and SCE methods are able to obtain the true values for the 16 parameters with a sufficiently long no‐rainfall period after a rainfall event. In addition, by using two selected objective functions, one based on root mean square error and one based on root mean square relative error criteria, it is found that the no‐rainfall period lengths necessary to obtain the converged true values for the 16 parameters are roughly the same. The SCE method provides a more efficient search based on an appropriate preliminary search range. The Multistart Powell method, on the other hand, leads to more accurate search results when there is no suitable search range selected based on the parameter calibration experience.     

New emergy indices for sustainable development

The emergy indices for the evaluation of system‘ s sustainable development ability were studied. Results indicated that the emergy indices are simplified and merged, and a new emergy index for sustainable development(EISD) is deduced. Employing EISD, two cases areconducted. The first one is to compare three different dike-pond agro-ecological engineering modes, which are: melon-melon-cabbage-four domestic fishes (mode I ), melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes (mode H ) and melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes combined with Siniperca chuatsi B. ( mode Ⅲ ).The result is that the EISD of mode I is 0.53. Mode Ⅱ‘ s EISD is 5.26 times of mode I ,and mode Ⅲ‘s EISD is 6.83 times of mode I The second one is to evaluate the development of Zhongshan City, Pearl Delta, during 1996 to 2000.The result indicated that the EISD of Zhongshan had appreciably declined from 1996 to 1998, and quickly improved from 1998 to 2000, partly because of its environment protection and product construction. Both of the two cases studies showed that EISD can assessment the sustainable development ability more roundly, with the consideration of environmental impact and social-economic effect at the same time.     

旋风炉附烧处理后解毒铬渣的安定性研究

着重阐明了铬渣经肇风炉附烧及炉餐水淬处理后生成的玻璃体粒化解毒渣的安定性问题，通过对解毒渣的物相结构，浸溶性和高温稳定性等试验分析，最终判明解毒渣在≤５００℃条件下没有玻璃化倾向，在自然环境中储放和用作建材，都是安定和安全的。     

Environmental factors affecting growth of grasses,herbs and woody plants on a sanitary landfill

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双酚A体外类雌激素活性评价及其作用机制的初步研究

采用体外MCF-7细胞增殖试验检测了双酚A(BPA)的类雌激素活性，并用生长曲线分析、细胞周期分析、他奠昔芬拮抗试验和凋亡检测对其作用机制进行了初步探讨。结果显示BPA有明显刺激MCF-7细胞增殖的类雌激素活性；细胞周期分析BPA组细胞增殖指数均明显高于溶剂对照组；BPA刺激MCF-7细胞增殖的类雌激素活性可被Tam拮抗：BPA能明显抑制MCF-7细胞凋亡的发生。结果提示BPA刺激MCF-7细胞增殖的类雌激素活性作用机制可能是BPA与雌激素受体结合后，影响细胞增殖及细胞凋亡过程，从而产生一系列生物效应。     

新型填料的BAF工艺对印染废水的脱氮研究

采用水解酸化-BAF工艺,以粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂颗粒为填料,采用前置反硝化工艺对印染废水进行处理,以研究在粉煤灰颗粒的吸附、絮凝、沉降、过滤以及微生物协同作用下,该工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除效果.着重对废水中氨氮和总氮量在不同阶段的变化进行了研究,得出了该工艺的最佳工艺参数,并对各过程的影响因素和脱氮机理进行了探讨.试验结果表明,在氨氮进水平均浓度为87.5 mg/L,水力负荷为1.02 m/h,DO浓度为5.0 mg/L,回流比为200%时,氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达到87%和76%左右,出水NH3-N和TN浓度分别可达11.37和32.59 mg/L以下,达到纺织染整工业废水排放标准的Ⅰ级标准.     

安徽安庆铜矿床硫的来源及转换机制

安庆铜矿床的硫同位素组成复杂．不能用单一硫源或物理化学条件的变化来解释。本文依据区域成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征，研究了硫从硫源地质体转移到成矿热液中的六种可能机理（模型），并确定了矿床的硫源。     

关于浙东塘上组的时代问题

浙东塘上组中、下部火山岩的沉积夹层中首次发现?Halysestheria叶肢介及孢粉化石,并找到Pseudofrcneloysis parceramosa与P.cf.rapillosa为主的植物化石。本文综合各门类化石所反映的地质时代,认为浙东塘上组应归属早白垩世晚期。这与剖面上获得的同位素年龄值(110 Ma)相吻合。塘上组层位与邻区石帽山群上组、禾口组(闽),周家店组(赣东),徽州组上部(皖南)及葛村组上部(江苏)相当。     

购买力平价法核算GDP的谬误何在

在10月22日召开的中国水电开发与环境保护高层论坛上，何祚庥院士提出：国家环保总局公布的有关我国能源、资源消耗情况的一组数据“不科学”，同时，环保总局把“中国消耗的资源占世界资源消耗百分比”和“用汇率方法所测算的中国GDP占世界GDP的百分比”机械地联系在一起，从而导致了片面强调我国资源能源利用率低下的结果。何院士认为，我国的能源利用效率和世界发达国家相比，“相差并不太大！”此结论一抛出，立刻引起了诸多专家学者的一片讨论，本刊特约中国人民大学环境学院常务副院长马中教授等撰文对何祚庥院士的言论从学术角度进行剖析。[编者按]     

微波消解在环境监测中的应用

样品预处理在环境监测中是非常重要的一个环节，直接影响着测定结果的准确性。传统的样品消解方法操作繁琐，耗时长，分析人员工作强度大。微波消解是一种新型、高效的样品消解技术，具有快速、简便、污染少、分解完全等优点，已成为试样分解不可缺少的方法之一，在生物、食品、医药、环境等领域得到了广泛的应用。