Effects of As levels on radial oxygen loss and As speciation in rice

Greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine effects of arsenic (As) on iron plaque formation, radial oxygen loss, As accumulation, and speciation in rice. Three genotypes were grown in soil with three different concentrations of As. The stress of As caused a slight increase of iron plaque formation (P?>?0.05) and a decrease in the rates of radial oxygen loss (ROL; P?<?0.01). The results of As speciation showed that the percentages of DMA increased from 19–28 % to 53–58 %, while the percentages of inorganic As decreased from 53–58 % to 36–42 % with the increasing soil As concentrations, indicating a strong environmental influence on As species in rice grain. The present study showed that elevated soil As may induce As toxicity towards rice plants, leading to the decrease of ROL; environmental factors could influence As methylation or As species transportation. Our study provided useful information on As tolerance and accumulation in rice which may contribute to reducing the health risk posed by As contamination in rice.     

乙酸钠修复铬污染土壤的机制研究

选择乙酸钠作为农家肥中羧酸类物质的代表,在确定其对铬污染土壤修复效果的基础上,通过化学分析和红外图谱研究,探索乙酸钠与土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)之间可能存在的5种作用方式,并对其有效作用方式的机制进行研究。结果表明:乙酸钠能显著降低铬污染土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)含量,其有效作用方式是乙酸钠和土壤中有机组分的共同作用;乙酸钠的加入使土壤有机组分中的一些不溶于水的羧酸类物质进入液相,从而促进铬污染土壤的修复。     

基于主成分分析的江苏省水资源承载力研究

随着水资源短缺和水污染问题的加剧,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,水资源承载力已成为衡量区域可持续发展的一项重要指标。以江苏省水资源承载力为研究对象,运用主成分分析法对江苏省的水资源承载力从时间和空间两个角度进行综合评价。研究表明：影响水资源承载力的因子主要包括经济发展因子、人口因子和水资源自然状况因子;2000~2009年,江苏省的水资源承载力整体上呈现出稳步递增的趋势;从空间上来看,江苏省内的水资源承载力存在明显的地区差异,苏南的水资源承载力最大,苏中次之,苏北最小,这主要是受到地区经济发展不平衡和水资源条件的影响。为了保证社会经济的可持续发展,必须合理、高效地利用水资源,充分发挥水资源的承载潜力     

现代企业安全管理信息系统的构建

论述现代企业安全管理信息系统的功能需求、基本框架、核心功能和系统特点。该系统把信息技术、网络技术及GIS应用到企业安全管理中,并融入安全学习志的管理理念,同时对基于联动机制的企业安全应急决策系统综合理论及其应用进行了研究。通过该系统的建立,使安全管理工作逐步走向科学化、系统化和规范化,对提高目前安全管理水平具有实际意义。     

遥感在环境影响评价中的应用——以大清公路为例

本文以遥感为技术手段,利用ERl、ASⅢAGINE8.5和FRAGSTATS3.3软件针对项目区在景观总体格局和各类型斑块两个层次计算出十几种景观指数,对该区域的景观格局分布做出了较为全面的定量分析.结果表明:草地景观面积最大,斑块数最多,是评价区的基质.乔木林地在各项指数分析中均较低.文中探讨了遥感与地面调查的优缺点,得出结论:以遥感技术为手段,结合地面调查是评价区域生态环境的有效工具.     

基于安全学习志的安全管理信息系统构建

通过分析论述安全学习志及安全管理信息系统的发展与特点,提出基于安全学习志安全管理信息系统的逻辑结构、总体构架和功能结构,以及从方法和技术角度为“安全学习志”在企业安全管理的应用提供一个全新的实现方案。本文把安全学习志这种理念融入到企业安全管理中,并对安全应急决策系统综合理论及安全管理信息系统建立技术方案的研究,目的在于为今后进一步的安全管理信息系统开发作理论和技术方法探索。     

GEO-SLOPE软件在某滑坡稳定性计算中的应用

以某滑坡为例,在充分分析其成因机制基础上,运用GEO-SLOPE软件对该滑坡的整体稳定性进行计算分析。结合室内试验、工程地质类比及参数反演确定稳定性计算参数,考虑到未来水库蓄水,在不同工况下对滑坡的稳定性进行计算,计算结果表明该滑坡的整体稳定性较好,只是在考虑地震作用的时候滑坡的整体稳定性迅速下降,甚至处于临稳状态。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from white pine (Pinus strobus) needles and its implications

A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from fresh and fallen pine needles. Toluene-modified CO2 was used as the extracting fluid, and the extracted PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. Using a two-stage extraction procedure, a static extraction at 180 degrees C and a dynamic extraction at 60 degrees C, and an in-cell silica gel plug plus a post-oven silica gel column, the extraction and fractionation of PAHs can be accomplished in one step. Over a seven month period, a significant variation was observed for PAHs in urban samples, while PAHs in mountain samples were at much lower levels (by a factor of approximately 8) and showed little seasonal change. Although dry fallen needles and fresh needles contained similar amounts of PAHs, in the fallen needles the lower molecular weight PAHs were partially lost while the higher molecular weight PAHs were slightly enriched. Pollution in urban areas was found to be highly localized, and buildings and trees are believed to be important factors in the restriction of atmospheric PAHs.     

用甲基硫酸钠废渣制备二甲基硫醚

根据酯在碱性条件下水解反应生成醚的原理，研究了以甲基硫酸钠废渣为原料制备二甲基硫醚（DMS）的方法。在反应温度100℃、加水量100mL、搅拌时间30min、合成反应时间50min的最佳工艺条件下，制得的DMS产品纯度为99％，收率为83．59％。该法工艺简单，技术可行，操作稳定，既消除了环境污染，又能制备化工产品，具有明显的环境效益和经济效益。