Skimming behaviour and spreading potential of Stenus species and Dianous coerulescens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Rove beetles of the genus Stenus Latreille and the genus Dianous Leach possess pygidial glands containing a multifunctional secretion of piperidine and pyridine-derived alkaloids as well as several terpenes. One important character of this secretion is the spreading potential of its different compounds, stenusine, norstenusine, 3-(2-methyl-1-butenyl)pyridine, cicindeloine, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one. The individual secretion composition enables the beetles to skim rapidly and far over the water surface, even when just a small amount of secretion is emitted. Ethological investigations of several Stenus species revealed that the skimming ability, skimming velocity and the skimming behaviour differ between the Stenus species. These differences can be linked to varied habitat claims and secretion saving mechanisms. By means of tensiometer measurements using the pendant drop method, the spreading pressure of all secretion constituents as well as some naturally identical beetle secretions on the water surface could be established. The compound 3-(2-methyl-1-butenyl)pyridine excelled stenusine believed to date to be mainly responsible for skimming relating to its surface activity. The naturally identical secretions are not subject to synergistic effects of the single compounds concerning the spreading potential. Furthermore, evolutionary aspects of the Steninae’s pygidial gland secretion are discussed.     

一株高效脱硫菌的筛选及性能研究

生物法烟气脱硫技术具有独特的优势,高效菌株的筛选是重要条件。从污水处理厂活性污泥中分离到一株高效亚硫酸盐还原细菌SRB,该菌为兼性厌氧菌、弧状菌体、不产芽孢、革兰氏阴性,结合菌落形态等特征,判定为脱硫弧菌属。以单因素实验考查了pH、温度、SO32-浓度、培养时间对脱硫效率的影响,正交实验法确定了最佳工艺条件和影响因素顺序。结果表明,影响该菌株脱硫能力大小的因素顺序为SO32->温度>pH>时间,最佳脱硫条件为温度30℃、SO32-浓度为4 500 mg/L、pH 6.0、时间4 d,该优化条件下的脱硫效率为81.4%。     

流砂过滤技术在腈纶污水处理中的应用

介绍了流砂过滤技术的原理及运行方式,并讨论了其在腈纶污水处理中的应用。研究发现,难降解的腈纶污水经流沙过滤器处理后,流砂过滤系统对SS、COD和BOD5的平均去除率分别达到78%、21%和32.7%。流砂过滤技术在腈纶污水的处理和达标排放中具有重要的意义。     

多级机站通风系统在武山铜矿的应用

介绍了武山铜矿北矿带西部通风系统实施多级机站改造的技术和方法,及改造后的效果。     

安全检查表在安全卫生评价中的应用

介绍了武山铜矿用安全检查表的模式进行安全卫生评价的技术和方法。     

基于随机样本的BP模型在水质评价中的应用

运用BP(误差反向传播)模型对水环境质量进行综合评价,主要针对以前BP模型在水质评价中存在的学习训练样本过少,没有检验样本等问题,用随机数发生器在每个级别范围内产生大量的数据作为训练样本和检验样本,并尝试以MSE函数生成均方误差作为检验样本的输出值与期望输出值的比较,检验网络评价未知样本的能力,大大提高了神经网络评价水质时的精度。     

考虑受灾点需求时间窗的应急物资配送车辆路径规划研究

为解决灾后应急物资亟待配送到灾区的现实问题,提高应急物资配送效率,考虑灾区对应急物资的需求紧迫程度的差异,建立软硬时间窗综合约束情况下以应急物资配送的总延迟时间最短、软时间窗的惩罚成本最小、硬时间窗的不满足个数最少为目标的应急物资车辆配送路径方案生成模型。前期对路网数据预处理,形成配送中心到受灾点的多对多时间最短路径集合,后期根据目标和约束进行模型构建,并利用遗传算法求解。引入算例分析对模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:该模型可综合考虑软硬时间窗的影响,形成高效的应急物资车辆路径配送方案,可对灾后整体的应急方案制定提供帮助,具有较好的可行性和现实意义。     

Tributyltin chloride disrupts aortic vascular reactivity and increases reactive oxygen species production in female rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are environment contaminants that induce bioaccumulation and have potential toxic effects on marine...     

吡唑醚菌酯对不同阶段斑马鱼的毒性效应评价

为评价吡唑醚菌酯对鱼类不同生命阶段的毒性效应,以斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)为测试生物,测定了其对斑马鱼胚胎、仔鱼(孵化3 d和孵化12 d)和成鱼的急性毒性及对胚胎和仔鱼(孵化3 d)的发育毒性。结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎、仔鱼(孵化3 d)、仔鱼(孵化12 d)和成鱼的96 h-LC50分别为0.0578(0.0540~0.0631)、0.0299(0.0282~0.0320)、0.0330(0.0310~0.0350)和0.0756(0.0692~0.0862)mg·L-1,其毒性大小依次为仔鱼(孵化3 d)仔鱼(孵化12 d)胚胎成鱼。与对照组相比,吡唑醚菌酯0.101 mg·L-1处理,可对斑马鱼胚胎24 h自主运动产生显著抑制作用;0.0609、0.0777和0.101 mg·L-1处理,可对斑马鱼胚胎48h心跳速率产生显著抑制作用;0.0609和0.0777 mg·L-1处理,可对斑马鱼胚胎96 h孵化仔鱼体长产生显著抑制作用。在供试浓度下吡唑醚菌酯暴露96 h后,均可对斑马鱼仔鱼(孵化3 d)体重和体长产生明显的抑制效应,对斑马鱼仔鱼(孵化3 d)心跳未产生明显影响。在高浓度下,吡唑醚菌酯可诱导斑马鱼胚胎产生畸形,主要包括心包水肿、卵黄囊水肿等;而对仔鱼(孵化3 d)未观察到明显的致畸效应。     

油气田开发工程中地下隐蔽污染源的识别与影响分析

针对以往油气田开发工程建设中较易忽视的地下隐蔽性污染源的识别和影响分析进行了探讨。