A simple formula to calculate the ionization energies of two-, three-, and four-electron atomic ions

We have previously proposed a simple equation that is able to reproduce literature values (Moore 1970) for the ionization energies of one-electron (Lang and Smith 1981) and two-electron (Sabir Ali et al. 1984) atomic ions with very good agreement. However, our proposed equation has no firm theoretical basis, only that we consider our potential energy approach a logical alternative to the usual kinetic relativistic/quantum mechanical methodology. The results calculated from the equation give excellent agreement with literature values and differ by less than 1 eV and less than 0.02% in all cases from hydrogen up to atomic number 20. This paper provides an updated version of the two-electron equation adapted to calculate the ionization energies of three and four electron ions. Our equation also gives fairly good estimates of first electron affinities. Comparisons are made with another published equation, sources of data are described, and the calculated results are discussed.     

基于SEM的建筑施工企业KPI安全绩效评价

鉴于建筑施工企业生产安全和服务质量管理以及企业员工综合素质和工作效率的重要性,探讨影响建筑施工企业安全生产的因素,并对建筑施工企业的安全绩效进行全面、客观的评价。采用关键绩效指标(KPI)建立基于人的因素、管理制度、施工设备和环境条件四维度的建筑施工企业安全绩效评价指标体系,研究将结构方程模型理论引入到评价体系中,构建安全绩效评价的结构方程模型(SEM)。总结评价的一般程序,并结合实例,从定量的角度对某建筑施工企业安全绩效进行评价。结果表明,KPI评价体系和SEM评价模型评估得出建筑企业安全绩效影响因素的程度是:人的因素>管理制度>环境条件>施工设备。     

Technological change in Swiss thermal waste treatment: An expert-based socio-technical analysis

Understanding technological change provides a crucial basis for governing sustainability transitions. In this paper we present an analysis of technological change using the example of Swiss thermal waste processing. In recent years, increased concerns about the low quality of residues from grate-firing systems led to the examination of alternative technologies. Yet despite clear indications of a potential better performance with respect to residue quality, none of these alternatives has been adopted. Based on a two-stage knowledge integration among 15 leading experts, in a retrospective analysis we identified factors that have significantly affected technological change in Swiss thermal waste processing. These factors were then related to three technological options representing different types of technological change, i.e., from incremental improvements of the existing to the implementation of a new technology. The results indicate that technological change is currently in a technological lock-in and provide detailed insights on the causes. The lock-in results in the step-wise further development of the status quo grate-firing system despite its limitations for improving the residue qualities. Almost all factors (legal, economic, societal, technological) of the existing ‘thermal waste management’ system have been well adapted to the cost- and energy-efficient grate-firing technology, blocking innovative technologies from entering the Swiss market. In addition, pressures from the context, e.g., societal pressure related to landfill risks, have not been strong enough to promote non-incremental change.     

论长江产业带协调建设与可持续发展

建设长江产业带不能沿用旧的发展模式，必须寻求一条人口、经济、社会、环境与资源相互协调的、能满足当代人的需求而又不对满足后代人需求的能力构成危害的可持续发展道路。     

氮气泡沫灭火技术发展现状

介绍了氮气泡沫研究进展和现状,分析了氮气泡沫的灭火原理、稳定性以及应用实例。氮气是惰性气体,不溶于水,在水中扩散速率较小,其与泡沫液混合发泡产生的氮气泡沫与空气、二氧化碳等相比,具有持久惰化、稳定性好,灭火效果显著等优势。     

黄淮流域夏半年旱涝概率时空分布的研究

利用Γ分布模式拟合区域降水百分率的概率分布,由此推求黄淮流域夏半年（４～１０月）旱涝概率,并探讨该区出现各级旱涝概率的时空分布特征。结果表明,该方法具有相当的客观性,为旱涝灾害研究提供了一条新途径。各级旱涝概率的空间分布反映了各地旱涝频发程度的区域特征和季节变动,揭示了大旱大涝灾害的脆弱区分布特点。文中推导的区域旱涝概率与Γ分布参数α的经验关系,为推断无资料地区旱涝概率提供了可能性。     

天气形势对2014 — 2018年关中地区各季节空气质量的影响

天气形势是驱动大气污染物变化的最初动力,其与大气污染有着密切联系.探究天气形势对各季节空气质量的影响,可为污染防控提供一定的指导意见.本文利用NCEP-FNL再分析资料、环境监测数据,研究了天气形势对2014?—?2018年关中地区各季节空气质量的影响.结果表明:春、秋、冬季"槽西南型"和"高压东南型"对大气污染物浓度...