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Jinping Zhang Bingtuo Guo Zhihong Ding 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8749-8757
The empirical mode decomposition method is applied to analyze fluctuating periods and local features of the annual drought index and the drought index in the irrigation and non-irrigation periods from 1956 to 2010 in the Yinchuan irrigation district. In order to understand the uncertainty between these variables, the set pair analysis method is used to present the identity, discrepancy, and contrary of the drought index with multi-time scales. The results reveal that the annual drought index and the drought index in the irrigation and non-irrigation periods have a complex relationship which may be related to El Niño, the air–sea intersection, and the long period of solar activity. The drought index in the irrigation and non-irrigation periods presents mainly the contrary and the discrepancy; the fluctuating shapes of the annual drought index and drought index in the irrigation period are the same on their different period levels. The original annual drought index and its intrinsic mode function components have a certain connection degree; they mainly present the discrepancy. 相似文献
444.
响应面法优化袋式除尘器脉冲清灰性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于计算流体动力学的方法采用三维、可压缩、非稳态流动数学模型对袋式除尘器脉冲清灰过程进行了数值模拟,得到了滤袋内外压差,并与文献实验值进行了比较,验证了仿真模型的可靠性。基于响应面法研究了喷吹压力、喷吹高度、滤袋直径和滤袋长度对脉冲清灰性能的影响,得到这4个影响因子的二次多项式预测模型,并进行优化。结果表明,喷吹压力为0.3 MPa,喷吹高度为0.2 m,滤袋直径为0.16 m,滤袋长度为6 m时,内外压差峰值最优,优化结果与仿真模拟结果相差小于3%。研究结果为袋式除尘器脉冲清灰系统的设计与优化提供了重要参考。 相似文献
445.
Junli Hu Jintian Li Fuyong Wu Shengchun Wu Zhihong Ye Xiangui Lin Ming Hung Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8457-8463
A post-harvest experiment was conducted further to our previous greenhouse pot study on upland kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) and Alfred stonecrop (Sedum alfredii Hance) intercropping system in Cd-contaminated soil inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Previously, four treatments were established in the intercropping experiment, including monoculture of kangkong (control), intercropping with stonecrop (IS), and IS plus inoculation with Glomus caledonium (IS?+?Gc) or Glomus versiforme (IS?+?Gv). Both kangkong and stonecrop plants were harvested after growing for 8 weeks. Then, the tested soils were reclaimed for growing post-harvest kangkong for 6 weeks. In the post-harvest experiment, there were no significant differences between the IS and control treatments, except for a significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) soil available P concentration with IS treatment. Compared with IS, both IS?+?Gc and IS?+?Gv significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) soil DTPA-extractable (phytoavailable) Cd concentrations, but not total Cd, by elevating soil pH, causing significantly lower (p?<?0.05) Cd concentrations in both the root and shoot of kangkong. In addition, both Gc and Gv significantly increased (p?<?0.05) soil acid phosphatase activities and available P concentrations and hence resulted in significantly higher (p?<?0.05) plant P acquisitions. However, only Gv significantly increased (p?<?0.05) kangkong yield, while Gc only significantly elevated (p?<?0.05) the shoot P concentration. It suggested that AM fungi have played key roles in Cd stabilization and P mobilization in the intercropping system, and such positive responses seemed to be sustainable and valuable in post-harvest soils. 相似文献
446.
Soudzilovskaia NA Cornelissen JH During HJ van Logtestijn RS Lang SI Aerts R 《Ecology》2010,91(9):2716-2726
Fen-bog succession is accompanied by strong increases of carbon accumulation rates. We tested the prevailing hypothesis that living Sphagna have extraordinarily high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and therefore acidify their environment by exchanging tissue-bound protons for basic cations in soil water. As Sphagnum invasion in a peatland usually coincides with succession from a brown moss-dominated alkaline fen to an acidic bog, the CEC of Sphagna is widely believed to play an important role in this acidification process. However, Sphagnum CEC has never been compared explicitly to that of a wide range of other bryophyte taxa. Whether high CEC directly leads to the ability to acidify the environment in situ also remains to be tested. We screened 20 predominant subarctic bryophyte species, including fen brown mosses and bog Sphagna for CEC, in situ soil water acidification capacity (AC), and peat acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). All these bryophyte species possessed substantial CEC, which was remarkably similar for brown mosses and Sphagna. This refutes the commonly accepted idea of living Sphagnum CEC being responsible for peatland acidification, as Sphagnum's ecological predecessors, brown mosses, can do the same job. Sphagnum AC was several times higher than that of other bryophytes, suggesting that CE (cation exchange) sites of Sphagna in situ are not saturated with basic cations, probably due to the virtual absence of these cations in the bog water. Together, these results suggest that Sphagna can not realize their CEC in bogs, while fen mosses can do so in fens. The fen peat ANC was 65% higher than bog ANC, indicating that acidity released by brown mosses in the CE process was neutralized, maintaining an alkaline environment. We propose two successional pathways indicating boundaries for a fen-bog shift with respect to bryophyte CEC. In neither of them is Sphagnum CE an important factor. We conclude that living Sphagnum CEC does not play any considerable role in the fen-bog shift. Alternatively, we propose that exclusively indirect effects of Sphagnum expansion such as peat accumulation and subsequent blocking of upward alkaline soil water transport are keys to the fen-bog succession and therefore for bog-associated carbon accumulation. 相似文献
447.
高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定饮用水中的五氯苯酚 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测饮用水中五氯苯酚(PCP)。选用ZORBAXXDB-C18柱(50mm×2.1mm,3.5μm)为分析柱,流动相为V(甲醇):V(纯水)=88:12,流量为200μL·min-1;质谱条件选用气动辅助电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测方式为负离子多离子反应检测(MRM);PCP标准曲线线形范围为0.1~100μg·L-1;方法加标回收率达到90%以上;相对标准偏差为2.31%~2.92%(n=5);方法检测低限为0.1μg·L-1。结果表明该方法快速、简便、准确、灵敏、特异,适用于饮用水中PCP残留的测定。 相似文献
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Organic aerosols in the Miami area, USA: temporal variability of atmospheric particles and wet/dry deposition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atmospheric particulate matter and both wet and dry deposition was collected over a period of nine months at one location in the metropolitan area of Miami, Florida. Molecular distributions and concentrations of n-alkanes, fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes were determined using weekly composite samples over this time period in order to determine temporal variability, and their possible dependence on climatic parameters such as temperature, rainfall and wind direction and frequency. Based on molecular distributions of the compounds studied, potential emission sources for the atmospheric particles were assessed and suggested to be mainly derived from automobile exhaust and natural sources. Although wet and dry deposition processes were observed to remove about equal amounts of organic aerosols from the Miami atmosphere, dry deposition was dominant in the removal of anthropogenically derived compounds such as PAHs and hopanes. Only very limited seasonal trends were observed, while wind direction and frequency was found to be the most important meteorological parameter controlling the temporal variability of the organic aerosols. This is the first detailed report of this nature for the Miami area. 相似文献