2,4-二硝基甲苯与共存硝基芳烃化合物对斜生栅列藻的联合毒性

为了客观地评价２,４－二硝基甲苯与其它硝基芳烃化合物共存时对藻类的生态毒理学效应,采用ＯＥＣＤ藻类生长抑制实验的国际标准方法,研究了２,４－二硝基甲苯与其它６种硝基芳烃化合物共存时,对斜生栅列藻的联合毒性,同时观察到细胞水平上的中毒症状,结果表明：２,４－二硝基甲苯加对硝基苯胺。２,４－二硝基甲苯加对二硝基苯;２,４－二硝基甲杠加对硝基苯甲醚均表现为协同作用。２,４－二硝基甲苯加对硝基苯酚,２,４     

测定大气颗粒物中金属元素的样品前处理方法比较

本文对测定大气颗粒物中金属元素样品的前处理方法:硫酸-灰化法,常压混酸消解法,高压消解法,索氏提取法进行了探讨。测定了Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Be,Co,Ni元素,对各方法的空白值,精密度、准确度,以及样品测定等进行了对比与评价。     

微系统人机界面的安全信息流模型构建及其应用

为提高系统安全水平,进一步丰富安全系统学理论内容,对微系统内人机界面的安全信息流过程、模型及其应用进行深入研究。论述安全信息流与人机交互过程理论,为模型构建奠定理论基础;运用安全模型原理,从信息传播角度建立人机界面的安全信息流模型并分析模型的内涵和意义;将所建模型应用于具体情景的仿真模拟,以验证其适用性和合理性。研究结果表明:模型刻画了系统内安全信息流动轨迹,有利于揭示系统安全演化行为机理,对提高系统安全水平具有重要的理论指导意义。     

生物炭修饰材料对嘉陵江(川渝段)沿岸土吸附Cu2+的影响

为了探索生物炭修饰材料对嘉陵江流域沿岸土吸附Cu~(2+)的影响,采用生物炭(B)、磁化生物炭(MB)以及50%和100%CEC十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰MB(分别以50%BS-MB和100%BS-MB表示)作为炭修饰材料,分别将其以1%(质量比)加入嘉陵江流域(川渝段)内苍溪(CX)、南部(NB)、嘉陵(JL)和合川(HC)沿岸土中,共计形成20个混合土样(以原土作为对照),批处理法研究各样品对Cu~(2+)的等温吸附和热力学特征,并对比不同温度、pH值和离子强度下的吸附差异.结果表明,不同混合土样对Cu~(2+)吸附等温线均呈"L"型且符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量q_m保持在62.20—308.88 mmol·kg~(-1)之间.相同生物炭修饰材料添加下Cu~(2+)吸附量表现为JLNBCXHC的趋势.20—40℃范围内,各混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均随温度的升高而增加,表现为增温正效应.离子强度从0.01 mol·L~(-1)增加到0.1 mol·L~(-1),各混合土样(除HC外)对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均呈现先增后降的趋势.pH值升高有利于混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附.各混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附是一个自发、吸热和熵增的反应过程,且CEC和比表面积是决定混合土样对Cu~(2+)吸附效果的关键.     

飞火和热辐射耦合作用点燃松针的实验研究

飞火颗粒点燃和火焰辐射引燃是森林-城镇交界域火灾两种主要引燃方式。已有很多研究关注单种引燃方式,但缺乏二者耦合作用下的引燃机理研究。实验研究了热颗粒与热辐射耦合作用下松针燃料床的点燃行为,分析了热颗粒尺寸、温度及辐射热通量对点燃特性的影响。实验结果表明:热颗粒和热辐射耦合作用的点燃危险性远远高于热颗粒或者热辐射单独作用下的点燃危险性。耦合作用时,点燃概率随颗粒尺寸、温度和辐射热通量增大而增大,热颗粒临界点燃温度以及临界辐射热通量均随热颗粒尺寸增大而降低;阴燃向明火转变的点燃时间随辐射热通量增大而降低,但与颗粒状态呈现出较为复杂的关系。     

Key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents in China

Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment. The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property. This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort, China has made significant progress in em...     

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China: A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China, and for regulatory and control purposes. This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years. China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort. The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved, and a technical & production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated. It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.     

Fluoride exposure decreased neurite formation on cerebral cortical neurons of SD rats in vitro

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fluoride, a geochemical element, can damage the brain and result in dysfunction of the central nervous system. In recent years, fluoride-induced...     

Characteristics of atmospheric single particles during haze periods in a typical urban area of Beijing: A case study in October, 2014

To investigate the composition and possible sources of particles, especially during heavy haze pollution, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was deployed to measure the changes of single particle species and sizes during October of 2014, in Beijing. A total of 2,871,431 particles with both positive and negative spectra were collected and characterized in combination with the adaptive resonance theory neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Eight types of particles were classified: dust particles (dust, 8.1%), elemental carbon (EC, 29.0%), organic carbon (OC, 18.0%), EC and OC combined particles (ECOC, 9.5%), Na-K containing particles (NaK, 7.9%), K-containing particles (K, 21.8%), organic nitrogen and potassium containing particles (KCN, 2.3%), and metal-containing particles (metal, 3.6%). Three haze pollution events (P1, P2, P3) and one clean period (clean) were analyzed, based on the mass and number concentration of PM_2.5 and the back trajectory results from the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model (Hysplit-4 model). Results showed that EC, OC and K were the major components of single particles during the three haze pollution periods, which showed clearly increased ratios compared with those in the clean period. Results from the mixing state of secondary species of different types of particles showed that sulfate and nitrate were more readily mixed with carbon-containing particles during haze pollution episodes than in clean periods.     

Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method

A fuzzy improved water pollution index was proposed based on fuzzy inference system and water pollution index. This method can not only give a comprehensive water quality rank, but also describe the water quality situation with a quantitative value, which is convenient for the water quality comparison between the same ranks. This proposed method is used to assess water quality of Qu River in Sichuan, China. Data used in the assessment were collected from four monitoring stations from 2006 to 2010. The assessment results show that Qu River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality in 2010 is the worst. The spatial variation indicates that water quality of Nanbashequ section is the pessimal. For the sake of comparison, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method were also employed to assess water quality of Qu River. The comparisons of these three approaches'' assessment results show that the proposed method is reliable.