Energy-Saving Effect Calculation and Implementation Strategy Study on the Industrial Structure Adjustment in Western China

The western region is an important strategic base of energy in China. The average per capita possession of fossil energy in the west is twice that in China. On the basis of the analysis of the mechanism how industrial structure adjustment affects energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP), the energy input-output table of western China was designed and compiled. Combining multiobjective planning techniques, setting energy-saving, economic growth, and laborer's income growth as the goals, setting basic input-output relations, production capacity, and labor as the constraints, the multiobjective optimization model of western energy input-output was constructed. The results of industrial structure optimization of western China show that: with technology and product price remaining unchanged, the adjustment of the industrial structure can reduce energy consumption per unit GDP by 2.7%, at the same time ensuring the average annual increase of GDP and laborer's income of western region in excess of 8%. It indicates that industrial structure adjustment is an effective method in accomplishing the aim of energy saving. Finally, policy suggestions from four angles, such as industrial chain and financial policies, were put forward.     

Innovative cleaner production for steel phosphorization using Zn–Mn phosphating solution

Phosphating prior to coating for steel is usually needed. In this paper, an innovative cleaner production has been developed for steel surface treatment using Zn–Mn phosphating solution in which there was no nitrite. The mass of the Zn–Mn layer deposited in this new process was about 1.1 g m^?2 when the temperature ranged from 3 to 35 °C. The corrosion time for the color phosphating layer in the copper sulfate spot test was in the range of 72–145 s. Adhesion test showed that the coating layers achieved a higher adhesion load than those produced by conventional methods. Washing using water was not necessary in this cleaner phosphorization, which usually follows phosphorization in traditional processes of steel phosphorization. Consequently, wastewater discharge was reduced greatly.     

实验室检测/校准方法的确认研究

结合实验室方法确认工作中的经验,从方法确认的内容、过程、结果以及记录的形成等方面,阐述了实验室方法确认工作有效开展的保障措施。     

综合防治棉铃虫的区域性技术体系研究

研究改进了棉铃虫中期预报方法；提出“一代监测、二代保顶、三代保蕾、四代保铃”为主的防治策略；研究制定适用于不同世代、不同水肥条件的科学防治指标，协调应用多种配套措施保护、利用自然天敌控害，系统监测和治理棉铃虫抗药性；利用棉花种质资源和品种的抗病、抗虫性；诱杀成虫；组建大面积综防技术体系。在１９９２～１９９５年棉铃虫猩獗发生的情况下，于河南省新乡县棉花病虫害综防示范区大面积实施后，有效控制了棉铃虫危害。     

天津市城市污水自由水面构筑物湿地处理系统中污水氮去除规律的研究

天津市城市污水自由水面构筑物湿地处理系统中，污水氮的去除效果受到场地坡长，水力负荷，停留时间，温度，预处理水质等因素的影响，本文根据试验场地实际运行的数据，讨论了上述因素与污水氮去除率的关系，结果表明，系统对污水氮的去除率，与坡长在一定范围内呈正线性相关关系，与水力负荷呈负的线性相关关系，停留时间为７８ｈ时除氧效果最佳，温度对氮去除率的影响随着季节变化表现出来，没有直接规律性，预处理水质对系统的除     

裂解气脱硫新趋势

在回顾现有裂解气脱硫工艺的基础上，介绍了近年来国内外在该领域的研究和应用中所取得的进展及未来的发展趋势。     

锅炉烟尘污染与治理

中原油田黄河以北广大地区燃煤锅炉分布广泛,污染物排放量相对较大。为减少大气污染,采取了以下治理措施:提高运行操作水平;选择适宜的燃烧设备;选择效果较好的除尘设施;选择适宜的煤质等。采用上述综合措施后,不仅降低了锅炉的排烟量也降低了锅炉的烟尘排放浓度,锅炉烟尘排放达标。     

水解酸化对感光胶片废水生化反应动力学系数的影响

采用水解酸化工艺可有效地提高工业废水中难生物降解有机物的可生化性,为后续好氧生化处理创造有利条件。本试验在对感光胶片废水采用水解酸化－活性污泥法工艺和常规活性污泥法进行平行对照试验的基础上,从生化反应动力学系数的角度研究水解酸化过程对好氧生化反应的影响。研究结果表明：经水解酸化处理后,在该废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ比值从０４６－０４８提高至０５４－０５６的同时,后续活性污泥系统的动力学半速度数Ｋｓ从常规活性污泥法的４５９毫克／升下降至１０３毫克／升,最大比降解速度Ｋ从３０／日上升至５０／日,可用于表征该工业废水可生化性和后续好氧化物处理效果改善和提高的程度。     

1668年山东郯城81／2级地震水灾分析

文以历史记载为依据,对1668年7月25日山东郯城地震的水灾进行了分析,总结出这次地震水灾的几个特点。     

1939年的天津水灾及天津市的防洪减灾对策

本文回顾了天津市历史上的几次大洪水,对1989年天津水灾进行了重点分析,提出了天津市今后的防洪减灾对策。