共基质条件下TNT降解菌的选育及其处理效果

选取SBR弹药销毁废水处理系统中的活性污泥作为菌源,在共基质条件下,经过驯化和筛选,分离出11株可降解TNT的单菌,从中选出生长速度较快的3株菌JT1,JT2,JT3进行了单菌及混菌降解能力测试,结果表明:混合菌JTH降解能力最强,其适宜环境条件为25℃～30℃,pH7.5～9.0,基质中添加2g/L葡萄糖可显著增强混菌JTH生长并可使24h内的TNT降解率达到96 1%;模拟废水的处理实验表明:混菌JTH对COD的去除率>80%,TNT降解率80%～90%;生物强化实验表明:以0.1的菌量污泥比在SBR系统中投加混合菌可使系统的出水COD稳定在100mg/L左右,出水TNT浓度<5mg/L。     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

Trihalomethane formation potential of filter isolates of electrolyte-extractable soil organic carbon

Certain organic C moieties of soil origin in drinking source waters of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) can react with chlorine to form trihalomethanes (THMs) during the disinfection process. Isolation and characterization of them and quantitation of their THM formation potential (THMFP) is necessary for developing effective strategies to reduce their influxes in Delta waters and for removing them during drinking water treatment. In this study, organic C from two Delta soils was extracted using deionized H(2)O and four Na- or Ca-based electrolytes of varying electrical conductivity values. Extracts were filtered into particulate, colloidal, fine colloidal, and soluble organic C for quantitation and THMFP determination. Results suggested that <1.5% of soil organic C was electrolyte-extractable. The soluble organic C fraction from both soils dominated in quantity and THMFP. Electrolyte effects were cation dependent. Sodium-based electrolytes at either conductivity level did not significantly decrease extractable organic C (EOC) or THMFP compared with deionized H(2)O. In contrast, Ca-based electrolytes reduced EOC and THMFP by >50% even at 1 dS m(-1). Further increase in Ca concentration did not significantly decrease EOC or THMFP. Most reduction in EOC and THMFP by Ca-based electrolytes occurred with the fractions other than the soluble organic C. Results suggested that under natural soil leaching and runoff conditions, the majority of THMFP is associated with organic C of <0.025 mum in diameter. Further molecular characterization of the fractions with high THMFP may help understand the nature of chlorine-reactive organic C from Delta soils.     

发展绿色建筑是可持续发展的必然选择

本文在总结绿色建筑概念及其涵义的基础上,论述了发展绿色建筑的意义,提出了推进绿色建筑发展的措施。     

浅谈实行环境会计的必要性

传统的会计理论由于缺乏环境意识,使人们在衡量社会经济发展与环境资源的利用与破坏之间存在片面认识,一方面是经济的飞速发展,另一方面是环境的不断恶化。当今,人类提出了并在努力实现经济可持续发展这一宏伟目标。在人们经济生活中引入环境会计制度,将有利于改变人们的传统片面认识,并有助于经济可持续发展这一目标的实现。     

A grey multi-objective programming approach for sustainable land-use in the Miyun Reservoir basin, China

Miyun Reservoir is the most important water source to Beijing City. Land-use of the basin plays a great role in the protection of water resources. Hence a sustainable land-use planning is required to optimize land-use structure and protect water resources in the basin. Based on the complete land-use system analysis in Miyun, a grey multi-objective programming to basin land-use(GMOPBLU)model was developed and applied to land-use planning. Two alternatives were produced and analyzed by means of interactive adjustment and scenano analysis. The results showed the GMOPBLU model is a valuable approach for basin land-use planning.     

A new approach of drawing airport noise contours on computer based on Surfer

Noise contours are used to describe the extent of airport noise pollution and to plan land use around airports. The LWECP, (weighted equivalent continuous perceive noise level) recommended by ICAO( International Civil Aviation Organization) is adopted as airport noise rating parameter in this paper. With the help of various mathematical models in the software Surfer, noise contours can be drawn automatically by the completed program in Visual C Code. Corrections for thrust, velocity, atmospheric temperature, humidity and lateral ground attenuation are also considered in the new method, which can improve the efficiency of drawing contours. An example of its use for drawing noise contours of an airport in Zhejiang Province of China is proposed and the predictions and the measurements show agreements well.     

三峡水库营养状态评价标准研究

采用一维水力学模型和30年的系列水文数据,计算了三峡库区干流及其主要支流在不同来水条件下的月滞留时间和月平均流速,通过统计不同类型滞留时间和流速的发生概率,综合计算了库区的富营养化敏感指数,对三峡库区水体的敏感类型进行了划分,将库区水体分为河流型、过渡型和湖泊型3种.根据三峡水库营养状态调查结果,统计分析了过渡型和湖泊型水体的营养指标分布概率、富营养化阈值及其与叶绿素a的回归关系,确定了库区过渡型和湖泊型2种水体的营养指标分级标准值,提出了三峡水库营养指标指数值的确定方法和权重大小,对三峡水库不同类型敏感区的营养状态进行了综合评价,分析了评价结果与同期监测的浮游植物密度的相互关系,从而对三峡水库的评价标准和评价方法的科学性进行了验证.结果表明,三峡水库富营养化敏感程度从库尾至库首逐渐增加,三峡库区长江在银杏沱以上江段为河流型水体,在银杏沱至坝前江段为过渡型水体,位于丰都县以下的支流的回水区以湖泊型水体为主.分别制定了三峡水库过渡类型区和湖泊类型区的营养状态标准值,依据该标准所开展的营养状态综合评价结果与浮游植物数量具有显著的相关性,其中湖泊类型区的营养化程度高于过渡类型区,与三峡水库的现实状态相符合.     

浅谈标准样品在质量保证工作中的应用

标准样品在环境监测中具有广泛的应用,不仅能够检验所用仪器及分析数据的误差,还能检验分析者的技术水平,在质量保证和质量控制中应用标准样品可衡量分析数据的可靠性,以保证上报数据的分析质量。     

湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成方法框架

湖泊富营养化是人类社会活动对湖泊的影响导致的湖泊自然演变过程的浓缩,而富营养湖泊的水污染治理与生态恢复是一个长期的过程。以综合集成方法论为方法论指导,进行湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成。在信息分析与发展预测、模型集成、技术评价的基础上,通过人与计算机的结合、交互完成工程方案的决策,湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成有利于发挥湖泊富营养化控制工程的综合效益和长期效益,并为湖泊流域管理提供科学依据。