Bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on rice husks gasification (1995–2019)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The processing of rice (Oryza sativa L.) generates large quantities of lignocellulosic wastes termed rice husks (RH). Numerous researchers have...     

石羊河流域降水稳定同位素变化的区域差异

为了了解干旱内陆河流域降水稳定同位素变化过程及其影响因素,基于石羊河流域荒漠区、绿洲区和山区8个站点2013年7月至2014年7月,497个降水样品氢氧稳定同位素数据及相应气象数据,研究了石羊河流域降水稳定同位素的时空变化、环境效应以及降水水汽来源.结果显示：石羊河流域局地大气水线斜率和截距表现出夏低冬高的变化趋势;降水稳定同位素表现出夏高冬低的变化趋势,从荒漠区、绿洲区到山区,稳定同位素值随海拔升高而降低,海拔效应为-0.22‰/100m,这是温度效应的另一种体现;流域降水稳定同位素表现出显著的温度效应,温度效应为0.43‰/℃,在天气尺度下受季风水汽和降水淋洗过程的影响表现出降水量效应;流域降水来源主要受西风水汽控制,夏季也会会受到季风水汽影响,冬季也受到极地气团影响.     

微生物对冰封期湖泊沉积物中有机磷降解释放的影响

以寒旱区湖泊乌梁素海为研究对象,以有机磷降解过程中的形态转化为主线,探讨了冰封期内底物添加与灭菌处理对有机磷释放特征的影响.结果表明,180 d冰封期内,灭菌处理(T_N)上覆水中可溶性总磷酸盐(DTP)和可溶性正磷酸盐(DIP)及可溶性有机磷(DOP)的质量浓度均高于底物添加处理(T_M),揭示T_M体系中厌氧微生物的同化利用降低了上覆水中磷的质量浓度;同时微生物驱动下铁的异化还原作用也是影响水-沉积物界面有机磷释放的重要机制.释放周期内,沉积物中活性有机磷(LOP)、总活性磷(TLP)的含量均减少;T_M体系的中等活性有机磷(MLOP)含量先减少后增加,非活性有机磷(NLOP)的含量先增加后减少;T_N的MLOP含量波动性增加,NLOP的含量波动性减少.释放初期(0~60 d),T_M的MLOP含量高于T_N,而NLOP的含量低于T_N;释放中末期(60~180 d),T_M的MLOP含量低于T_N,而NLOP的含量高于T_N.揭示释放中沉积物MLOP与NLOP之间存在相互转化的可能性.释放过程中,T_M沉积物有机磷的相对含量降低,无机磷的相对含量增高,呈现有机磷向无机磷转化的趋势,沉积物有机磷约有6.1%转化为无机磷,揭示了冰封期内,微生物可加速沉积物有机磷向无机磷的转化,提高了磷的生物可利用率,增加了沉积物磷向上覆水释放的风险.     

Consumer Choice and Farmers’ Markets

The increasing popularity of local food consumption can be attributed to the heightened awareness of food safety concerns, carbon emissions produced from food transportation, and an understanding of how large corporations’ obtain their food supplies. Although there is increasing discussion on both the local and organic food movement independently, there is not a wide availability of literature examining the motivations and perceptions of consumers with regard to farmers’ markets. Issues such as perceptions about what type of food consumers are purchasing at markets, nor the main motivations for frequenting such establishments are discussed. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine consumer motivations, benefits, and perceptions of farmers’ markets. Using the case study location of Toronto, Canada, this study surveyed 300 participants during the fall of 2011. Findings indicated that the main purpose for visiting famers’ markets is not solely to fulfill grocery needs. Quality of products offered and the ability to support the local community were the primary motivators to visit the markets.     

基于信息熵的武汉市城市生态系统演化分析研究

基于信息熵的分析方法,在前人的研究基础上,以武汉市2000~2010年城市生态系统发展为例,通过计算城市生态系统输入-输出熵流、代谢熵产生和系统总熵变,分析系统演化发展规律及原因;分别采用综合发展度和协调发展度评估城市的可持续发展水平,并将其进行指数化表征。分析结果表明：近11 a内系统熵流和总熵总体是呈现振荡式下降趋势,而熵产生先升后降,武汉市总体不断向着健康、有序方向发展,但有序度不稳定;近年来协调发展度和综合发展度二者保持同时增长,说明武汉市城市生态系统不断向着可持续方向发展,但武汉市目前仍处于初级协调发展水平     

淮阳龙湖湿地保护及其资源开发的问题和对策研究

湿地被喻为“地球之肾”,因其蕴藏着极其丰富的生物资源,同时又具有汇聚、平衡水分、分配二氧化碳的功能.为充分发挥龙湖湿地的资源优势和旅游潜力,实现区域经济和生态环境保护的双赢,通过实地抽样调查、数据归类分析等方法,初步探讨了龙湖湿地的资源优势和面临的生态环境问题.建议从调控城市湿地生态系统与周边陆域生态系统的耦合关系入手,运用强化湿地管理、加大科技投入、提高群众保护意识等手段,构建一个和谐的生态环境.     

废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭优化制备的研究

以污水处理厂二次污泥为主要原料,掺杂废旧Zn-C电池电极材料制备废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭.同时,采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)和响应面中心复合实验设计(RSM-CCD)对影响污泥炭吸附性能的7个操作条件进行筛选和优化.P-B实验结果与统计学分析表明,掺杂比、炭化温度和炭化时间是影响吸附性能的3个关键因素.以碘吸附值为响应目标,对3个主要因素进行响应面法优化分析确定碘吸附模型,并得到最优操作条件为:掺杂比10%、炭化温度350℃和炭化时间20 min,此条件下制备的改性污泥炭的碘吸附值和比表面积分别达到530.1 mg·g~(-1)和429.5 m2·g~(-1);Zeta电位和阳离子交换容量分别为~(-1)5.50 m V、30.9×10-2mmol·g~(-1),更适合吸附重金属离子.     

Itaconic Acid Grafted Starch Hydrogels as Metal Remover: Capacity,Selectivity and Adsorption Kinetics

Hydrogels were synthesized by free radical graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) onto corn starch (S-g-IA). For this purpose, potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)-sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) was used as redox initiation system. The formation of grafted starches was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of monomer concentration, neutralization, addition of crosslinking agent, N,N-bismetilenacrilamide (MBAm), and initiator concentration on grafting efficiency and adsorption capacity of the starch hydrogels was investigated. It was demonstrated that the introduction of carboxyl and carbonyl groups promoted starch hydration and swelling. Grafting degree increased with the decrease of monomer concentration, increase of initiator concentration, grade of neutralization and the addition of MBAm without neutralization. Remarkably the resulting materials exhibited water absorption capacities between 258 and 1878% and the ability to adsorb metal ions. It was experimentally confirmed the metal uptake, obtaining the higher adsorption capacity (q _e  = 35 mg/g) for the product prepared with the pre-oxidation and lower initiator concentration. The removal capacity order was Pb²⁺>Ni²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cd²⁺. Moreover, the experimental kinetic and the equilibrium adsorption data for Ni²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were best fitted to the pseudo-second order and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. This work describes for the first time the preparation of metal removal hydrogels based on starch and itaconic acid using the pair redox system KMnO₄/NaHSO₃, which avoids the starch hydrolysis and allows itaconic acid grafting incorporation without the requirement of more reactive comonomers.     

Evaluation of the Effect of Chemical or Enzymatic Synthesis Methods on Biodegradability of Polyesters

This work compares the biodegradability of polyesters produced by an esterification reaction between glycerol and oleic di-acid (D 18:1) issued from green chemical pathways, via either classical thermo-chemical methods, or an enzymatic method using the immobilized lipase of Candida antartica B (Novozym 435). An elastomeric polymer synthesized by enzymatic catalysis is more biodegradable than an elastomeric thermo-chemical polyester synthesized by a standard chemical procedure. This difference lies in percentage of the dendritic motifs, in values of the degree of substitution, and certainly in cross-links inducing an hyper-branched structure less accessible to the lipolytic enzymes in a waste treatment plant. However, when the elastomeric polymer synthesized by enzymatic catalysis is processed at high temperature as required for certain industrial applications, it presents an identical rate of biodegradation than the chemical polyester. The advantages of the thermo-chemical methods are greater speed and lower cost. Enzymatic synthesis appears be suited to producing polyesters, devoid of metallic catalysts, which must be used without processing at high temperature to keep a high biodegradability.