Effects of advanced traffic signal status warning systems on vehicle emission reductions at signalized intersections

Signalized intersections have been identified as vehicle emission hotspots, where drivers decelerate, idle, and accelerate their vehicles in response to signal changes. Advanced traffic signal status warning systems (ATSSWSs) can be applied to reduce traffic emissions at intersections by mitigating unnecessary braking and acceleration. In this study, two types of ATSSWSs, variable message sign (VMS) based and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) based, were designed, and their environmental effectiveness was evaluated through driving simulator-based experiments. Three scenarios were designed and tested: (1) baseline without an ATSSWS, (2) with the VMS-based ATSSWS, and (3) with the V2I-based ATSSWS. The Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator model was used to evaluate and compare the environmental effectiveness of these two types of ATSSWSs. The results indicate that the proposed ATSSWSs can reduce traffic emissions at signalized intersections. In particular, the V2I-based ATSSWS can substantially reduce CO₂, NOx, CO, and HC emissions. The results will help transportation practitioners with implementing advanced driver information systems and decision making on emission reduction policies.

Implications: Signalized intersection has been identified as one of hottest spots for vehicle emissions where signal control causes vehicles to frequently decelerate, idle, and accelerate. Advanced Traffic Signal Status Warning Systems (ATSSWS) can be applied to reduce traffic emission at intersections by decreasing vehicles’ unnecessary brakes and accelerations. The results of this study will assist transportation practitioners in implementing advanced driver information systems and making decisions on emission reduction policies.     

氧化镁FGD脱硫过程的建模及其应用

氧化镁烟气脱硫是以氧化镁为脱硫反应剂的一种湿法烟气脱硫技术，目前国内外应用甚少，但开发前景广阔。以实验室小试为基础，从气液传质入手，利用双膜理论建立脱硫过程的数学模型，从而对中试脱硫效率进行预测并进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明，模型预测的脱硫效率与实际脱硫效率有很高的吻合度，其计算参数能反映出实际运行参数对脱硫效率的影响，对实际工况中操作条件的变更以及运行参数的调试有很高的指导意义。     

Microbial community and biochemistry process in autosulfurotrophic denitrifying biofilm

The 16S rDNA-based molecular technique was applied to analyze the microbial community of autotrophic denitrification bacteria in a biofilm developed on the surface of sulfur particles and then the biochemistry process involved in this biofilm was discussed based on the microbial community analysis. Six key operational taxonomy units were identified, which were all unknown species belonging to a wide range of bacteria from four major subdivisions (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) of the kingdom Proteobacteria and from the kingdom Chlorobia (green sulfur bacteria). One species was chemoautotrophic and related to Thiobacillus denitrificans, two species were photoautotrophic, and three were chemoheterotrophic. Contrary to expectation, T. denitrificans-like bacteria constituted only 32% of the microbial community. As a result of the study, the entire microbiology of the autosulfurotrophic denitrification process as well as the interactions between the different microbial groups in the biofilm may need to be reconsidered.     

污染土壤修复效果评定方法的研究

在实施污染土壤修复的环境工程后,需要通过灵敏和有效的评定方法对污染土壤修复的效果进行评定.然而,单纯依靠化学方法进行污染土壤修复效果的评定,不能揭示土壤的整体质量特征,因此需要生态毒理方法作为相互补充的手段.本文概述了植物毒性评定法、陆生无脊椎动物评定法和土壤微生物评定法及其在污染土壤修复效果评定中的应用,并对污染土壤修复效果评定方法的发展前景进行展望.     

Cu^2＋沉淀-氧化法脱除H2S废气回收硫磺研究

开发了一种用含Cu^2＋的溶液吸收H2S，并用Cu^2＋自氧化CuS制取硫磺的新工艺，Cu^2＋的还原产物CuCl2^-由空气氧化再生，实现循环。考察了Cu^2＋浓度与净化效率的关系，研究了Cu^2＋、H^＋、助剂N的浓度和温度对Cu^2＋氧化CuS效率的影响及H^＋、助剂N的浓度、空塔气速和温度对Cu^2＋空气氧化再生效率的影响。结果表明，该技术对H2S废气净化效率100％，Cu^2＋氧化CuS及Cu^2＋空气氧化再生条件温和、效果好，终产物硫磺纯度高。     

Effects of metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene on unschedule DNA synthesis in BALB/3T3 cell line

In order to explore the damage from metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene on DNA of mammalian cells, the effects of four metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene (anti-BPDE, syn-BPDE, 3-OH-BP and 9-OH-BP) on synthesis of DNA and unschedule DNA synthesis (UDS) in BALB/3T3 cells were assayed, by methods of single-labeling and double-labeling. The results showed that all of the four agents were able to increase the synthesis of DNA, but only three of them (apart from syn-BPDE) induced UDS in BALB/3T3 cells. The above indicates that the metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene are able to damage DNA in BALB/3T3 cells, and that this effect may be relative to the sterical structure of metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene.     

亚硝酸盐积累对A~2O工艺生物除磷的影响

常温条件下,通过控制好氧区DO浓度为0.3～0.5 mg/L,同时增大系统内回流比以降低系统好氧实际水力停留时间(actual hydraulic retention time,AHRT),在处理低C/N比实际生活污水的A2O工艺中成功启动并维持了短程硝化反硝化.但随着系统出水亚硝酸盐含量的升高,系统对磷的去除效果逐渐恶化.当好氧区亚硝酸盐浓度19 mg/L时,系统出水磷浓度大于进水磷浓度,系统处于净释磷状态.通过对原水COD浓度、反应区温度、pH值、游离亚硝酸浓度(free nitrous acid,FNA)等分析,表明碳源不足及短程硝化引起的亚硝酸盐积累影响了聚磷菌厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷;尤其是好氧区较高的FNA浓度(HNO2-N 0.002～0.003 mg/L)对聚磷菌好氧吸磷的抑制是导致系统除磷效果恶化的直接原因.通过外投碳源提高原水COD浓度,提高了聚磷菌厌氧释磷合成PHA的能力;同时增强了系统的反硝化能力,降低好氧区亚硝酸盐浓度,从而降低FNA对聚磷菌好氧吸磷的抑制程度,系统的除磷性能可迅速恢复;系统对磷的去除率可达96%以上.     

滇池流域花卉蔬菜废弃物对湖泊水质影响的模拟研究

选择流域内6种代表性的蔬菜、花卉秸秆,研究其对滇池水质的影响。结果表明：在相同水平的秸秆投加量下,TN、TP负荷量在秸秆投入水中约45d和30d左右均达到最大值,花卉秸秆在水体中TN、TP的总释放量明显高于蔬菜秸秆;水体TN、TP含量与秸秆投加量均成显著正相关。花卉、蔬菜秸秆进入滇池水后的最大潜在污染负荷量分别为：花卉秸秆的TN污染负荷为54.11g/kg,TP污染负荷为23.19g/kg;蔬菜秸秆的TN污染负荷为41.16g/kg,TP污染负荷为13.56g/kg。随意弃置堆放的花卉蔬菜秸秆对滇池水体可能存在的潜在面源污染负荷TN、TP极大值分别为12815.43 t和5290.51 t。     

高吸湿性树脂材料的研究进展

高吸湿性树脂材料是一种具有优异的吸湿、保湿性能的功能高分子材料,可以适用于不同吸湿需求的场合。综述了高吸湿性树脂材料的主要类型、研究状况及其存在的不足,探讨了高吸湿性树脂材料的吸湿机理,展望了高吸湿性树脂材料的发展和应用前景。     

SBBR技术处理有机农药废水的试验研究

选用盾形填料,利用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)对有机农药废水进行试验研究,最终将工艺参数确定为:厌氧2.0h,好氧曝气4.0h,曝气量为0.12～0.15m3/h,DO为4.9～7.5mg/L,pH值为7.0～8.0。处理效果为:COD、BOD5、TP的平均去除率分别达到85%、90%、93%,出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。