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541.
Development Potentials and Policy Options of Biomass in China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Biomass, one of the most important renewable energies, is playing and will continue to play an important role in the future
energy structure of the world. This article aims to analyze the position and role, assess the resource availability, discuss
the geographic distribution, market scale and industry development, and present the policy options of biomass in China. The
resource availability and geographical distribution of biomass byproducts are assessed in terms of crop residues, manure,
forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater. The position of biomass use for power generation is just
next to hydropower among types of renewable energy in China. The potential quantity of all biomass byproducts energy in 2004
is 3511 Mtce (Mtce is the abbreviation of million tons of coal equivalents and 1 Mtce is equal to106 tce.), while the acquirable quantity is 460 Mtce. Biomass energy plays a critical role in rural regions of China. The geographical
distribution and quantity of biomass byproducts resources depends mainly on the relationship between ecological zones and
climate conditions. Our estimation shows that the total quantity of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts,
municipal waste and wastewater resources are 728, 3926, 2175, 155 and 48240 Mt (million tons), respectively. Crop residues
come mainly from the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Sichuan. All manure is mainly located in the provinces
of Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Hunan. Forest and wood biomass byproducts are mainly produced in the provinces or autonomous
regions of Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, while most of municipal waste mainly comes from Guangdong,
Shandong, Heilongjiang, Hubei and Jiangsu. Most of wastewater is largely discharged from advanced provinces like Guangdong,
Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan. Biomass byproducts’ energy distribution also varies from province to province in China.
Based on the analysis of the market scale and industry development, the article argues that China’s biomass energy industry
is still at a very early stage of development and that Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) might be the best policy option for China to
promote its development of biomass energy. A successful enforcement of FIT in China needs some policy combination of special
capital subsidies, R&D funding, tax incentives and pricing. 相似文献
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546.
乡村旅游在实践中正从边缘化向系列化发展。沂蒙山区是全国水土流失重点治理区,针对沂蒙山区乡村旅游资源状况,分析了沂蒙山区发展乡村旅游的市场条件,认为生态脆弱区发展乡村旅游应遵循经济多元复合化发展与内源发展的原则,建构纵向深化与横向附加开发模式,具体提出乡村旅游开发途径,即旅游内容特色化、耦合化,旅游服务网络化、规范化的深化途径与附加旅游教育和旅游养生内容等途径。 相似文献
547.
以长筒石蒜球茎为材料开展其无性繁殖试验,研究切割方式、植物生长调节剂及浓度3种因素对其子球性状的影响。结果显示:①人工繁育可明显提高种球的繁殖率,切割方式对种球的繁殖率无显著影响,而植物生长调节剂对繁殖率有极显著影响,其浓度对繁殖率也有显著影响,试验最佳处理为"茎盘沟切NAA250",其繁殖率为12.9;②切割方式无论是对子球的平均质量还是平均直径均有显著影响,其中处理"切片扦插GA330"作用下的子球平均质量最重(5.8g)、平均直径(1.2cm)最大。 相似文献
548.
Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the immobilization of phosphorus (P) in soils using synthetic magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NP). Although CMC-stabilized magnetite particles were at the nanoscale, phosphorus removal by the nanoparticles was less than that of microparticles (MP) without the stabilizer due to the reduced P reactivity caused by the coating. The P reactivity of CMC-NP was effectively recovered when cellulase was added to degrade the coating. For subsurface non-point P pollution control for a water pond, it is possible to inject CMC-NP to form an enclosed protection wall in the surrounding soils. Non-stabilized “nanomagnetite” could not pass through the soil column under gravity because it quickly agglomerated into microparticles. The immobilized P was 30% in the control soil column, 33% when treated by non-stabilized MP, 45% when treated by CMC-NP, and 73% when treated by both CMC-NP and cellulase. 相似文献
549.
研制了一种喷射式线-筒放电反应器,在室温条件下进行了降解实际空气流中甲苯的实验研究。结果表明,该反应器能够有效降解甲苯,但不同的通气方式对甲苯降解率有显著影响,验证了该反应器设计的合理性。同时证明,通过流场控制可以提高甲苯降解率。电场方向与气流方向一致则强化降解,两者方向相反则弱化降解。当电压为34kV时,正脉冲和负脉冲的甲苯降解率相差高达42.5%。当电压小于火花放电电压时,甲苯降解率随着电压的增大而升高;当电压过大时,电极间发生火花放电,甲苯降解率不升反降。小电压时,小电容放电的甲苯降解率较高;但随着电压的增大,大电容的优势得以体现。甲苯降解率随气流中甲苯初始浓度的升高而降低;随气体流量的增大而降低;环境湿度过大时,甲苯降解率下降,并且甲苯氧化不完全,有CO生成。 相似文献
550.
微波协同活性炭处理偶氮染料废水的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
以粉末活性炭为催化剂,采用微波协同活性炭工艺,对偶氮染料(酸性芷青GGR和酸性嫩黄G)废水进行处理。考察了活性炭用量、微波功率、辐射时间、偶氮染料初始浓度对2种偶氮染料去除率的影响。实验结果表明,酸性芷青GGR初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为12.5g/L、微波辐射时间为10min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性芷青GGR的去除率可达90.28%;酸性嫩黄G初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为10.0g/L、微波辐射时间为8min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性嫩黄G的去除率可达95.87%;微波协同活性炭处理2种偶氮染料的反应均呈现一级反应动力学特征。 相似文献