辽宁省污水综合排放标准刍议

针对《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》（DB21/1627—2008）实施以来暴露出的一些值得商榷的问题,对比分析了发达国家的污水排放标准,指出了在《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》（DB21/1627—2008）执行过程中应以建设时间为节点区别对待污水处理厂,应适当放宽总氮指标,分流域制定标准,建立标准的技术支撑体系等4个方面对《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》进行改进,以使《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》更适应社会、经济、技术的发展。     

有机磷农药草甘膦异丙胺盐对球形棕囊藻的刺激效应

设置0、0．001、0．01、0．1、l和10mg·L-16个质量浓度梯度,测定了草甘膦异丙胺盐（Glyphosate—isopropylammonium）农药对球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）生长、叶绿素a含量、SOD和CAT活性的影响,探讨了有机磷农药对球形棕囊藻的毒物刺激效应。结果表明,低浓度的草甘膦异丙胺盐对球形棕囊藻的生长呈现出刺激效应。在实验所设定的6个质量浓度梯度范围内,0．001mg·L0和0．01mg·L-1质量浓度处理下的刺激效应最为显著。该两个质量浓度处理下,球形棕囊藻的平均相对增长率比对照分别提高了1．27％和0．45％,叶绿素a含量分别比对照提高了9．2％和2．5％,SOD活性提高了5．9％和7．2％,CAT活性提高了93％和155％;而当草甘膦异丙胺盐质量浓度在0．1mg·L-1以上时,球形棕囊藻的生长率、叶绿素a含量、SOD活性均显著低于对照。草甘膦异丙胺盐在0．001mg·L-1和0．01mg·L-1范围内对球形棕囊藻均呈现刺激效应,而高于0．1mg·L-1时球形棕囊藻各生理指标表现出显著抑制效应。研究结果为了解有机磷农药对海洋微藻生长的影响特征,揭示有机磷农药对微藻产生低促高抑的规律和为深入探索赤潮暴发的成因提供依据。     

掺Fe^3＋A-TiO2粉末的水热法制备及其光催化降解甲基橙

以硫酸钛为原料用水热法制备了掺Fe^3＋TiO2粉末,用SEM和XRD测定了样品的形貌和晶型,研究了以自制的掺Fe^3＋A-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解作用。结果表明：所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型TiO2即A-TiO2。365nm紫外光照射下,用自制的掺Fe^3＋A-TiO2降解甲基橙溶液的最佳条件是：10mg·L^-1的甲基橙溶液中加入0.050g掺5%Fe^3＋（物质的量比）A-TiO2粉末,用HNO3调节溶液成酸性后,18℃恒温反应4h,降解率达到57.8%。     

西藏生态整体性水平测度

为了探讨资源-环境双重约束下地处我国生态环境脆弱区的西藏的生态整体性特征,利用生态环境质量指数和生态现代化指数（EMI）对地处我国西南边陲的西藏地区的生态现代化水平进行了分析。结果表明：全球生态现代化水平在区域之间存在比较明显的空间分异。2004年西藏生态现代化指数为50,在全国排名为3位,较2000年的排名16位有了明显的提高。生态进步指数、经济生态化指数好于其他4个少数民族地区,但社会生态化指数落后于其他4个少数民族地区,人均SO2排放与新疆、广西相同,但高于内蒙古和宁夏;1980—2007年西藏现代化程度虽然有所提升,但远低于世界平均水平和中等发达国家以及我国平均水平和其他4个少数民族地区;1996—2007年西藏区域环境水平呈＂W＂型变动态势。资源转化率和水污染指数呈＂N＂型不稳定变动,生态保护指数和环境治理指数呈剧烈变动,生态脆弱性和环境支持系统的不稳定性没有明显改观。因此,西藏应立足地缘和资源优势,充分考虑西藏生态地域、生态系统服务功能、生态资产、生态敏感性以及人类活动对生态环境胁迫等要素的综合影响,依据青藏高原高寒生态大区和高寒草甸生态区、青藏高原高山草原、高寒草甸生态地区生态区划,发展人工设计生态方案的生态重建途径。建立严格的生态补偿制度,逐步提升生态现代化水平。     

氨氮对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹肝组织RNA/DNA及肝细胞结构的影响

以中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinesis）仔蟹为研究对象。采用静水试验法,温度在20℃左右,用氨氮与过滤海水分设5个质量浓度组（2.04、6.35、9.04、11.75和19.13 mg.L-1）,同时以过滤海水为对照组（氨氮质量浓度为0.30 mg.L-1）,每一个质量浓度组设3个平行样本,对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹进行6 d胁迫试验。每2 d观察仔蟹的蜕壳情况,并分别于实验后的2、4和6 d取仔蟹肝组织样,应用激光共聚焦技术分析测定RNA/DNA荧光相素比,同时用透射电镜观察6 d后,最高浓度组和对照组仔蟹肝细胞结构的变化情况。试验结果表明;对于氨氮的胁迫,仔蟹的变态率随染毒浓度的增高而降低,同时变态蜕壳的时间也会产生延迟现象。氨氮的胁迫会引起仔蟹的肝组织细胞内的DNA和RNA的质量分数逐渐降低,导致RNA/DNA比率的不断下降。在高质量浓度氨氮的胁迫下,使得仔蟹肝细胞线粒体部分解体、胞质空泡化和染色质浓缩、转运泡数量增多,体积增大,细胞出现许多空泡和微绒毛消失等一系列的损伤变化。破坏了仔蟹自身机能正常的代谢和生长水平。     

基于蛙跳算法优化的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳指数公式

为了建立简便、实用的生态环境质量评价模型,在构建生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,设定各指标的参照值和规范变换式,使规范变换后的不同指标同级标准的规范值差异不大。进而提出了一个对多项指标的规范值都适用的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳(W-F)指数公式。采用混合蛙跳算法对公式的参数进行优化,得出优化后对多项指标皆适用的生态环境质量评价的W-F指数公式。运用该公式对巢湖流域的生态环境质量进行评价,其结果与该流域生态环境质量实际情况基本相符,表明模型有一定的实用性。     

Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant

A questionnaire survey of residents’ risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception. This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants. Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power, acceptability, benefit perception, trust in nuclear power operation, and trust in government as independent variables. The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was also proposed. The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power. In contrast, persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government, which partially supported the ELM hypothesis. All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions, and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk.     

磁性多孔陶粒生物膜反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

对多孔陶瓷进行磁化改性获得磁性多孔陶瓷载体,并将该载体应用于垃圾渗滤液的处理试验.对比试验结果表明:在反应器的曝气量为3 L/h,曝气时间为16 h/d,温度为20～30℃时,垃圾渗滤液经磁性载体生物膜反应器30d处理后,上清液中COD、NH3-N的去除率均在90％以上,出水浓度达到国家生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB16889-2008)的指标要求.     

Asian Americans and workplace discrimination: The interplay between sex of evaluators and the perception of social skills

In two role‐playing scenarios, we investigate how White male and female evaluators perceive an Asian American versus White job candidate on the dimensions of competence and social skills and how these perceptions affect evaluators' decisions in hiring and promotion. Specifically, Study 1 examines how the perceptions of competence and social skills affect Asian (versus White) college graduates' chance of obtaining a non‐technical (versus technical) position, and Study 2 tests how these perceptions affect Asians' probability of promotion relative to Whites'. Our findings suggest that female evaluators were less likely to select Asian than White candidates into positions involving social skills and were less likely to promote Asian than White candidates into these types of positions. Furthermore, female evaluators' perception that Asians were less socially skilled than Whites mediated both of these decisions. This paper contributes to the understanding of workplace discrimination of Asian Americans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.