Electrophysiological responses of Dendroctonus armandi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to volatiles of Chinese white pine as well as to pure enantiomers and racemates of some monoterpenes

To better understand the attractiveness of host tree, Chinese white pines (Pinus armandi Fr.) to Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li), the antennal responses of D. armandi to the host volatile, as well as the pure enantiomers and racemates of some monoterpenes, were examined using an electroantennogram (EAG). EAG responses of male and female D. armandi to blended volatiles extracted from the host and some synthetic terpenes (α-phellandrene, (−)-β-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, (−)-α-pinene, (−)-camphene, β-myrcene, (S)-(−)-limonene, (+)-camphene and (R)-(+)-limonene) showed significant variation due to different compound concentrations and sex of the beetles. EAG responses to extracted blended volatiles were significantly greater in females than in males, but the EAG response was not always proportional to the volatile concentration. At lower concentrations, females responded strongly to α-phellandrene and males to (−)-β-pinene, while at higher concentrations, females responded most strongly to α-phellandrene and males to (+)-α-pinene. Females were significantly responsive to (−)-α-pinene, α-phellandrene and (−)-camphene, while males were more responsive to (S)-(−)-limonene, (+)-α-pinene and (R)-(+)-limonene. The EAG responses of the female D. armandi to the volatile oil were significantly higher than that of the males, and the infested pine volatiles could evoke higher EAG response. Most of the test compounds elicited similar responses, which suggested that several of the compounds may be used in combination by D. armandi in habitat and/or host community location at the Qinling forest ecosystem.     

基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析

以1990年和2005年遥感影像为基本信息源,在GIS技术支持下,在对辽河三角洲湿地景观格局分析的基础上,采用破碎度、分离度、优势度等景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为评价指标研究辽河三角洲湿地景观生态安全。20世纪90年代以来大规模的资源开发,加剧了辽河三角洲湿地景观的破碎化程度,使景观优势度增高,多样性下降。从1990-2005年,研究区主要湿地景观类型水稻田、苇田、滩涂的干扰程度有所增加,生态安全度均有所下降,表明人类对自然湿地生态系统的干扰越来越明显。总体来说,15年来研究区整体景观生态安全度呈现下降趋势。以往湿地生态安全的研究主要集中在环境脆弱性和保护策略方面,研究层次着重在生态系统层面,而从景观格局角度对湿地景观生态安全的研究涉及较少,文章涉及的是景观生态学可持续发展研究的一个新领域,所提出的内容实质上是景观生态安全定量表征的方法探讨。应用景观生态学方法研究生态安全,揭示景观结构与功能关系并进一步分析区域生态环境的变化趋势及其内在因素,不但为辽河三角洲湿地及其生物多样性的保护和资源开发提供了科学依据,而且丰富和发展了我国生态安全研究的理论与方法。     

Acute toxicity and chemical evaluation of coking wastewater under biological and advanced physicochemical treatment processes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the changes of toxic compounds in coking wastewater with biological treatment (anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor and...     

UV_(254)在煤制气废水处理中的指示作用

鉴于UV254具有操作简单、测定速度快、成本低和重现性好等优点,对UV254在煤制气废水处理中监测与指示作用进行了分析研究。结果表明,煤制气废水水质比较复杂,在各个处理单元中,COD和UV254的相关系数最高仅为0.8328,相关性不高,UV254不适合代替COD作为日常监测指标。在臭氧深度处理煤制气废水的实验中,COD与UV254相关系数为0.9826和0.9812,在煤制气废水处理工艺中沿程COD和UV254相关系数为0.9879。结果表明,在水质一定的情况下进行废水处理过程中,UV254与COD的变化趋势高度一致,具有显著的相关性,UV254可以作为预测COD去除效果的指示指标,这在将在较大程度上节约时间和降低实验成本。     

Occurrence and human dietary assessment of sulfonamide antibiotics in cultured fish around Tai Lake,China

As the most important fishery medicines, sulfonamides are widely used to prevent diseases caused by pathogens in aquaculture. However, relatively little is known about the residues and dietary risks associated with cultured fish around Tai Lake. In the present study, a sampling strategy for a complete aquaculture period was conducted. Specifically, 12 selected sulfonamide antibiotics were measured among 116 fish samples recruited from four sampling periods, four species, four areas, and 18 fish ponds. All 12 antibiotics were detected at detection frequencies of 4.31–28.45%. Total sulfonamides were detected in 77.59% of the fish samples, with 57.76% of fish samples containing from 0.1 to 10 μg kg^?1. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamethazine (SDD), and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were the main types of antibiotics used, and these were present at high concentrations (>100 μg kg^?1) with high occurrences, especially in the middle of the aquaculture season. Dietary assessment showed that residual antibiotics in all fish that were being sent to market were far below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of total sulfonamides and that there was almost no risk associated with fish consumption. The results of the present study will facilitate development of effective measures to produce safe aquatic products and meaningful suggestions for consuming aquatic products.     

乡镇居民点规模—功能系统耦合协调发展研究——以重庆市潼南区为例

借鉴耦合理论,建立了乡镇居民点规模-功能耦合系统,以潼南区为案例,采用熵权法、耦合协调度评价和空间集聚分析等方法,对2014年潼南区22个乡镇居民点规模-功能的耦合协调发展状态进行评价。研究发现,经济规模是乡镇居民点规模的主要决定因素。第三产业是影响居民点生产功能的主要因素,教育医疗则是影响生活功能的主要因素,建成区绿化面积是影响居民点生态功能的主要因素。潼南区乡镇居民点规模-功能耦合协调发展水平在空间上具有明显的单核结构特征,区域发展具有较大的不平衡性。大部分乡镇规模-功能耦合处于拮抗状态,规模滞后状态,规模、功能建设发展都处于低水平状态。应当积极培育县城以外的区域次级增长中心,以缩小区域发展的不平衡性。在村镇居民点的规划中,应重视居民点经济规模的地位与作用,以求更为合理的预测居民点规模,并规划建设居民点功能。     

Analysis of interprovincial trade embodied carbon emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding provinces: based on constructed MRIO Model

The interprovincial trade embodied carbon emissions plays an important role in the national emission reduction target among China’s provinces. Furthermore, it will affect the smooth start-up of the national carbon trade market as well as the implementation of targets in 2030 for dealing with the climate change. Based on constructed MRIO model, this paper analyzes the embodied carbon emission trade flows among Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding regions such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia. The results indicate that six provinces have formed different patterns of carbon trade balance, where Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces are in a deficit position, while the other three provinces are in a surplus position. Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei have transferred part of the carbon emissions to the other three provinces, which shows greater heterogeneity among various provinces and provincial different sectors. On basis of the conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions on provincial decomposition, responsibility distribution, and provincial collaborative reduction for national emission reduction targets.     

好氧与厌氧氨氧化复合颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮影响因素

采用间歇实验,考察了初始NH⁺₄-N浓度、DO浓度和pH对颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮的特性的影响。研究表明,在完全自营养脱氮系统中,当DO为0.6～0.8 mg/L,pH控制在7.5～7.8时,好氧氨氧化和厌氧氨氧化速率在一定范围内随NH⁺₄-N浓度（30～150 mg/L）的增加而增加,较高的氨氮浓度能提高自营养脱氮反应速率。较高的DO有利于提高亚硝酸盐氧化速率,但会导致亚硝酸盐的积累;DO浓度过低时,好氧氨氧化过程受到抑制。NH⁺₄浓度为36 mg/L,DO控制在0.6～0.8 mg/L的条件下,当pH值为7.8时,完全自营养脱氮的效果最佳,总氮去除速率达最大值为23.976 mg/(g MLSS·d)。     

秸秆和肥料管理措施对太湖流域水稻种植氮流失的影响

稻田系统的氮流失是农业面源污染的重要组成部分. 当前,氮肥投入量已得到有效控制,针对不同秸秆和肥料管理措施的多途径（径流、侧渗、下渗）氮流失特征研究还较为缺乏. 对此,选取太湖流域种植时长超过20 a且持续秸秆还田超过5 a的稻田,研究秸秆和肥料管理措施对水稻全生育期不同途径氮流失的影响,并基于作物产量、氮利用效率及氮流失强度,对秸秆和肥料管理措施的生产适宜性和环境友好性进行研判. 结果表明,秸秆离田会提升水稻植株对施氮的敏感度. 稻季氮总流失量为9~17 kg·hm^-2,占氮肥施用量的5%~7%. 对秸秆管理而言,秸秆离田的泡田排水具有更高氮流失风险;秸秆还田可降低15%以上的下渗途径氮流失量,但是对侧渗途径的氮流失作用并不明确. 对肥料管理而言,有机肥的适宜替代可较同施氮梯度下的化肥施用减少16%的种植期径流氮流失、26%的下渗氮流失,以及37%的侧渗氮流失. 综合产量数据,实施秸秆还田和肥料类型优化能够有效降低生产单位重量稻米的氮流失量,切实实现对农业生产和环境友好的双向兼顾.     

热带海洋大气环境氯离子浓度立体化观测技术研究

目的 对热带海洋环境氯离子开展立体化观测,掌握热带海洋环境下大气氯离子浓度在空间上的分布规律,为海洋大气环境下装备产品和重大工程服役环境研究提供立体化观测数据支撑。方法 在观测海岸线附近科学选点,采用无人机搭载远程控制大气采样器开展大气氯离子浓度立体化观测,对不同空间高度氯离子浓度分布规律进行分析。结果 成功采集万宁某海岸线附近1 km×300 m×100 m区域1 a以上氯离子浓度数据,通过GIS技术分析并建立了氯离子浓度分布三维场,实现了氯离子浓度可视化,并随离海距离、离地高度剖切显示。结论 海南万宁某区域海岸线附近氯离子浓度在冬季最大,夏季最低,且在一定观测范围内,随观测高度增加而先增大、后降低,随离海距离增大而逐渐降低。