生物滴滤池法处理废气动力学模式研究

基于物料平衡和微生物降解废水中污染物的动力学模式,以丙酮、甲苯为处理对象提出了生物滴滤池处理废气的模式。当入口浓度C_(in)较低,小于临界浓度C_(crit),时,C=C_(in)EXP((-B/V_g)·H);当人口浓度C_(in)较高,大于临界浓度C_(crit)时,C=C_(in)-(K_0X/V_g)·H。研究表明,实验结果与模式计算结果吻合较好。     

改进取样方法提高含油废水中CODcr值的准确度

化学需氧量(CODcr)和石油类都是中国实施水污染物排放总量控制指标,也是环境监测的常测项目.CODcr是反映水体中受还原性物质主要是有机物污染程度的综合性指标.矿物油和动、植物油统称为油类,是废水中常见的有机污染物,对CODcr的贡献较大.探索水体中CODcr值与油类物质含量之间的相关性,对CODcr值准确性的判断有一定指导意义.改进含油废水的取样方法,有利于提高CODcr测定值的准确性和代表性.     

GIS在城市生活垃圾回收方案规划研究中的应用——以重庆市主城区为例

以重庆市主城区中的三个区为例,演示了GIS在城市生活垃圾回收方案规划研究中的应用:利用GIS的分类、计算和重叠功能,模拟各垃圾回收方案的运行,预测运行结果;利用GIS的可视化功能,将回收行为的空间分布以形象直观的地图形式表现出来,能为管理部门决策制定规划方案和管理措施提供有力的支持与依据。     

不同通风方式对污泥堆肥的影响

采用2种通风方式和5种调理剂进行污泥堆肥,堆温均能顺利达到设定温度(60℃),并能保持一段高温期,堆肥产品的卫生学指标达到了无害化国家标准.同采用正压强制通风相比,采用自然通风与正压强制通风相结合方式,堆温上升迅速,能耗更低.但正压强制通风能加快堆料含水率的降低和有机质的降解.堆料含水率能极大地影响污泥堆肥过程,堆料的含水率不宜超过80%,在污泥堆肥过程中不必对堆料的pH值进行调整.     

Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty

In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change.     

臭氧+曝气生物滤池深度处理工艺试验研究

针对某污水厂出水不达标的情况,本研究采用臭氧(O3)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对其进行深度处理.结果表明,当采用两级臭氧+曝气生物滤池工艺时,出水COD在31～46 mg/L,色度在13～29倍,均达到一级A排放标准.在最佳运行条件下,臭氧氧化使相对分子质量大于50 000的有机物含量减少10％,小于1 000的有机物含量增加14％.曝气生物滤池工艺使相对分子质量小于1 000的有机物含量降低了24％.     

Factors influencing the contents of metals and As in soils around the watershed of Guanting Reservoir, China

Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)经口染毒对C57BL/6小鼠脾脏T细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+的影响

采用每天一次经口灌胃染毒的方法,探讨了全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)经口重复剂量染毒对C57BL/6小鼠脾脏T细胞亚群CIM+和CD8+的影响.选择雄性C57BL/6小鼠24只,实验组PFOS染毒剂量分别为5、10、20mg·kg-1(bw).每天一次经口灌胃染毒12d后,制备脾脏T淋巴细胞悬液,经特异性荧光标记的CD3(FITC)、CIM(PE)、CD8(PERCP)单克隆抗体作用后,采用FACS流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞及其亚群百分数.结果表明,10 mg·kg-1(bw)和20 mg·kg-1(bW)PFOS染毒组小鼠体重呈明显的下降趋势;20 mg·kg-1(bw)PFOS染毒组小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而各剂量组小鼠肝脏指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).PFOS染毒20mg·kg-1(bw)实验组CD3+CD4+与CD3+CD8+T细胞的绝对计数和百分比均显著低于对照组(p<0.01).研究结果显示,PFOS暴露可降低小鼠免疫器官中CD4+、CD8+T细胞的含量,表明PFOS可抑制小鼠的细胞免疫水平.     

沸石改良土壤的研究进展

沸石因其独特的晶体结构具有较强的离子交换能力和吸附能力,作为良好的土壤改良剂逐步引起了人们的广泛重视。简要综述了沸石对土壤的理化性质、重金属、植物、微生物和酶的影响及其研究进展。     

北运河中游沉积物对磷的吸附特性研究

研究了位于北京郊区的北运河中游9个断面的沉积物对磷的吸附行为,分析了沉积物组成及其理化性质与磷吸附特征的关系.实验结果表明,不同断面沉积物对磷的最大吸附量在0.11 ～9.45 mg/g之间,而各断面沉积物的临界平衡磷浓度(EPC0)范围在0.33～ 1.85 mg/L之间,统计分析显示EPC0与河水中的总磷和可溶性无机磷呈显著负相关,但与沉积物中的金属和有机质含量相关性较差;根据临界平衡磷浓度定义的推断,新华大街桥、玉带桥、运河大街桥、六环路桥、宋梁路桥、湿地和甘棠橡胶坝7个断面的沉积物表现为磷的“汇”,而丰子沟和减运沟2个点表现为磷的“源”,并且各点沉积物释放和吸附磷的趋势较大.