Effects of typical algae species (Aphanizomenon flosaquae and Microcystis aeruginosa) on photoreduction of Hg2+ in water body

Photoreduction characteristics of divalent inorganic mercury(Hg~(2+)) in the presence of specific algae species are still not well known. Laboratory experiments were conducted in the present study to identify the effects of different concentrations of living/dead algae species, including Aphanizomenon flosaquae(AF) and Microcystis aeruginosa(MA), on the photoreduction rate of Hg~(2+)under various light conditions. The experimental results showed that percentage reduction of Hg~(2+)was significantly influenced by radiation wavelengths, and dramatically decreased with the presence of algae. The highest percentage reduction of Hg~(2+)was induced by UV-A, followed by UV-B, visible light and dark for both living and dead AF, and the order was dark UV-A UV-B visible light for both living and dead MA. There were two aspects, i.e., energy and attenuation rate of light radiation and excrementitious generated from algae metabolisms, were involved in the processes of Hg~(2+)photoreduction with the presence of algae under different light conditions. The percentage reduction of Hg~(2+)decreased from 15% to 11% when living and dead AF concentrations increased by 10 times(from 106 to 105 cells/mL), and decreased from 11% to ～ 9% in the case of living and dead MA increased. Algae can adsorb Hg~(2+)and decrease the concentration of free Hg~(2+), thus inhibiting Hg~(2+)photoreduction, especially under the conditions with high concentrations of algae. No significant differences were found in percentage reduction of Hg~(2+)between living and dead treatments of algae species.The results are of great importance for understanding the role of algae in Hg~(2+)photoreduction.     

柴油添加剂的研究——有机钡盐的消烟助燃作用

本文介绍一种以有机钡盐为主的复合型柴油添加剂,其主要成分是过氧化钡与环烷酸在焦化汽油中反应所生成的环烷酸钡。台架实验结果表明,该添加剂在柴油中添加量为0.5—1.5‰(重量,以钡计)时,取得了消烟率40.9—66.3％、节能0.36—4.42％的效果。行车试验也证明本添加剂具有优良的消烟节能作用,当添加量为1.0‰(重量,以钡计)时,平均消烟率为67.7％,节油5.21％。     

生物法处理含油钻井废水的影响因素研究

以含油钻井废水原浆为处理对象,研究了生物法处理过程中的相关影响因素.实验结果表明,氮、磷源是影响钻井废水中石油烃降解的重要因素,最佳氮、磷源及其加入量分别为(NH4)2SO4100 mg/L和KH2PO460 mg/L.在30～36℃,接种量15%,pH=6～8条件下处理72 h后可使钻井废水中的石油烃含量由805.6 mg/L下降到17.6 mg/L.     

活性半焦用于油田含油污水除油的研究

以经济廉价的半焦为原料,制备用于处理油田含油污水的吸附剂。采用高温焙烧活化、水蒸气活化、高压水热活化以及硝酸、氢氧化钾活化等方法对半焦进行活化处理,通过静态吸附实验测定除油率来评价活化效果,重点讨论了氢氧化钾活化条件对除油效果的影响。结果表明:KOH与半焦质量比为6∶1,80℃浸渍3 h,550℃焙烧1.5 h时,制备的活性半焦吸附除油效果最好,除油率可以达到75.6%;活性半焦对油的吸附符合Freund lich吸附方程。利用酸碱滴定法对样品表面酸碱官能团进行分析,发现KOH活化后半焦表面碱性亲油官能团明显增多;通过SEM对半焦的微观结构进行分析,发现KOH活化后半焦产生大量有利于吸附的孔结构。     

茚虫威对斑马鱼的急性毒性及遗传毒性

茚虫威属噁二嗪类新型广谱高效杀虫剂,在农业生产中有着重要作用,近年来随着用量的增加,由此产生的对水生生物的影响越来越受到重视。使用斑马鱼进行茚虫威的急性毒性作用实验,并采用微核试验、彗星试验、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色检测观察染毒后的斑马鱼是否被诱导产生遗传毒性。结果表明:在24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,茚虫威LC50值分别为2.263mg·L-1、2.184 mg·L-1、2.184 mg·L-1、2.133 mg·L-1。茚虫威对斑马鱼急性毒性属中等毒性。96 h茚虫威浓度为1.98 mg·L-1和2.16 mg·L-1时,斑马鱼的微核率与对照组相比达差异极显著水平(P0.01)。采用彗星试验检测斑马鱼肝脏DNA损伤,结果显示斑马鱼暴露于高浓度1.98 mg·L-1和2.16 mg·L-1茚虫威后,与对照组相比,斑马鱼的DNA损伤均表现为极显著差异(P0.01)。采用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色流式细胞仪法检测,结果表明染毒后24 h斑马鱼肝细胞出现细胞凋亡现象。实验结果进一步表明,茚虫威对斑马鱼短期染毒后诱导细胞凋亡,表现出遗传毒性。     

水环境中石油类物质分析方法探讨

在详述了国内外石油类分析方法的基础上,对各方法的适用范围、优缺点及可比性进行了深入分析,阐述了各类方法存在的共性问题,指出按照石油类物质毒性大小分别定量分析的方法将是未来的发展趋势。     

西安市大气中多环芳烃的季节变化及健康风险评价

对西安市2009年6月-2010年5月空气中的总悬浮颗粒（TSP）和气态样品进行了连续采样,利用GC—MS对16种PAHs进行分析。∑PAHs浓度（气相＋颗粒相）范围为39．93～1032．46ng／m^3,平均值为197．34ng／m^3;其中,冬季大气中∑PAHs浓度最大,相对浓度的范围为31．21％～72．98％,而夏季的浓度最小;检测出16种2～6环的PAHs,其中以3—4环为主。利用特征分子比值法和因子分析进行源解析,发现研究区PAHs的主要来源为燃煤和机动车尾气排放。通过苯并（a）芘（BaP）等效毒性（BEQ）和苯并（a）芘等效致癌浓度（BaPE）进行健康风险评价,结果显示,西安大气中PAHs的毒性具有明显的季节差异,特别是秋季和冬季大气中PAHs对人类的健康存在较大的潜在威胁。     

A novel technology for quick acclimation of an anaerobic microbial consortia used for biodegrading teraphthalic acid (TA)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｅｒａｐｈｔｈａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＴＡ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｐｏｌｙｅｓｔｅｒｆｉｂｅｒ,ｖｉｄｅｏｆｉｌｍｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｂｉｓ (2 ｅｔｈｙｌｈｅｘｙｌ)ｐｈｔｈａｌａｔｅ ,ｄｉｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｔｈａｌａｔｅａｎｄｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｔｈａｌａｔｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄａｓｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙｈａｚａｒｄｏｕｓｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｂｙＥＰＡｏｆｔｈｅ…     

不同通风方式对污泥堆肥的影响

采用2种通风方式和5种调理剂进行污泥堆肥,堆温均能顺利达到设定温度(60℃),并能保持一段高温期,堆肥产品的卫生学指标达到了无害化国家标准.同采用正压强制通风相比,采用自然通风与正压强制通风相结合方式,堆温上升迅速,能耗更低.但正压强制通风能加快堆料含水率的降低和有机质的降解.堆料含水率能极大地影响污泥堆肥过程,堆料的含水率不宜超过80%,在污泥堆肥过程中不必对堆料的pH值进行调整.     

Comparison of using polyurethane foam passive samplers and tree bark samples from Western China to determine atmospheric organochlorine pesticide

Polyurethane foam(PUF)passive samplers were deployed and tree bark samples were collected at 15 sites across western China in 2013,and the organochlorine pesticide(OCP)concentrations in the samples were determined.Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products(collectively called DDTs),hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs),and hexachlorobenzene(HCB)were the dominant OCPs in the PUF samples and tree bark samples.The mean DDTs,HCHs and HCB concentrations were 33,22 and 18 ng/sample in the PUF samples,and 428,74,and 43 ng/(g lipid weight(lw))in the tree bark,respectively.The OCP concentrations in the air,calculated using PUF–air and tree-bark–air partitioning models,were of the same order of magnitude.Both sample types showed that relatively fresh inputs of DDT and HCHs to the environment have occurred in western China.Meanwhile,PUF passive samplers were compared with the use of tree bark samples as passive samplers.The OCP compositions in the PUF and tree bark samples were different.Only the relatively stable OCPs(such as HCB,β-HCH and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene(DDE))were consistent in the PUF and tree bark samples.