超声波促进好氧/缺氧污泥消化过程中细菌群落结构分析

应用基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE对超声波-好氧/缺氧污泥消化过程中微生物种群的多样性进行研究.通过SDS细胞裂解法提取不同时期污泥中的基因组DNA,采用通用引物进行V3区域PCR扩增,长约190 bp的PCR产物经DGGE分离后,获得污泥微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱,对条带进行切胶测序,使用序列数据进行同源性分析并建立系统发育树.DGGE图谱表明,在反应器运行的不同时期,微生物群落结构发生动态演替.5、10、15、20、25 d微生物相似性与0 d相比分别为61.2%、48.2%、46.4%、42.6%、41.7%,总细菌Shannon指数经历了一个从逐渐减少到趋于稳定的过程,这表明超声波改变污泥内部性质,导致微生物多样性的降低.UPGMA聚类分析将DGGE图谱区分为三大族群并对应于不同运行时期.测序结果表明,超声波-好氧/缺氧污泥消化中微生物群落主要为Firmicute、Genuscitrobacter、Bacilli、α-Proteobacteria、β-Proteobacteria.     

特种设备管理方法探讨

0 引言 　　近几年,虽然国家通过建章立制,加大措施,努力控制和减少特种设备事故,但特种设备事故仍时有发生.2007年1月13日8时23分,某医药化工有限公司发生压力容器爆炸重大事故,造成7人死亡; 2007年6月11日凌晨2时左右,陕西省某村民在家中进行“瓶对瓶“倒气,由于液化石油气泄漏,遇明火爆燃,造成三间平板房倒塌,3人死亡,1人受伤;2007年7月7日19时45分,江苏省某气体有限公司在充装氧气瓶过程中,气瓶发生爆炸,造成3人死亡,1人重伤,充装车间部分屋顶被炸翻,爆炸碎片分散在50m半径范围内.……     

硫化矿床自燃发火实验研究

金属矿山特别是硫化矿山,在开采过程中曾多次发生过矿石自燃火灾事故,给国家造成了巨大的经济损失.我国矿山企业中,有许多硫化矿山.本文综述了国内外在硫化矿床自燃发火实验研究方面的研究进展,指出我国至今还没有出台一套完整成熟的硫化矿床自燃倾向性实验室鉴定标准.     

通信管线突发事件的应急机理分析

近些年随着通信行业突飞猛进的发展,通信管线敷设的长度、规模和范围越来越广,但引起的管理问题也越来越多,一旦发生中断、损坏,将造成不可估量的损失,通信管线的应急管理工作迫在眉睫.本文对通信管线突发事件进行应急机理分析,旨在为应急管理做一些基础工作,了解其危害性,揭示其发生、发展、衍生扩散到平稳、消减整个过程遵循的客观规律.     

A juvenile lizard specimen with well-preserved skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China

Lizards are now relatively well known from the Yixian Formation of northeastern China. In this study, we describe a juvenile lizard from a fossil horizon at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. These beds predate the Yixian Formation, and are probably Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous in age. The new specimen thus documents the first lizard material from the Daohugou locality and is the earliest lizard skeleton from China. Comparisons with developmental stages of modern lizards suggest the Daohugou lizard is a hatchling. Although tiny, the specimen is notable in preserving exquisite skin impressions showing the variation in scalation across the body, the shape and position of the cloacal outlet, and details of the manus and pes. These are the earliest recorded lepidosaurian skin traces. In its general proportions and the possession of paired frontals, the small Daohugou lizard resembles both the Yixian taxon Yabeinosaurus tenuis and the questionable Jeholacerta formosa, but it differs from the latter in scalation and, based on other characters, may be distinct from both.     

A new THOR shoulder design: a comparison with volunteers, the Hybrid III, and THOR NT

OBJECTIVE: Since the shoulders are rarely seriously injured in frontal or oblique collisions, they have been given low priority in the development of frontal impact crash test dummies. The shoulder complex geometry and its kinematics are of vital importance for the overall dummy kinematics. The shoulder complex also influences the risk of the safety belt slipping off the shoulder in oblique forward collisions. The first aim of this study was to develop a new 50th percentile male THOR shoulder design, while the second was to compare the new shoulder, mounted on a THOR NT dummy, with volunteer, THOR NT, and Hybrid III range of motion and stiffness data. The third aim was to test the repeatability of the new shoulder during dynamic testing and to see how the design behaves with respect to belt slippage in a 45 degrees far-side collision. METHODS: The new 50th percentile THOR shoulder design was developed with the aid of a shell model of the seated University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) 50th percentile male with coordinates for joints and bony landmarks (Schneider et al., 1983). The new shoulder design has human-like bony landmarks for the acromion and coracoid processes. The clavicle curvature and length are also made similar to that of a male human, as is the range of motion in the anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, and medial-lateral directions. The new shoulder design was manufactured and tested under the same conditions that T?rnvall et al. (2005b) used to compare the shoulder range of motion for the volunteers, Hybrid III, and THOR Alpha. The new design was also tested in two dynamic test configurations: the first was a 0 degrees full-frontal test and the second was a 45 degrees far-side test. The dummy tests were conducted with an R-16 seat with a three-point belt, the Delta V was 27.0+/-0.5 km/h and the maximum peak acceleration was approximately 14.6+/-0.5 g for each test. RESULTS: A new shoulder design with geometry close to that of humans was developed to be retrofitted to the THOR NT dummy. The results showed that the range of motion for the new shoulder complex during static loading was larger by at least a factor of three, for the maximum load (200 N/arm), than that of either the Hybrid III or the THOR NT; this means it was more similar to the volunteers' range of motion. It was observed that the THOR NT with the new shoulder did not slide out of the shoulder belt during a far-side collision. The performance of the new shoulder was reasonably repeatable and stable during both the static tests and the sled tests. CONCLUSION: A new shoulder for the THOR NT has been designed and developed, and data from static range of motion tests and sled tests indicate that the new shoulder complex has the potential to function in a more human-like manner on the THOR dummy.     

一株微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养基优化研究

利用单因子实验和部分因子实验对实验室保藏的产絮凝剂菌种C3的培养基进行优化,以提高C3菌所产生的微生物絮凝剂MBFC3的絮凝效果.实验结果表明,C3菌产MBFC3的最适培养基为: 蔗糖1.0 g,(NH4)2SO4 0.24 g,FeSO4 0.10 g,KH2PO4 0.40 g,MgSO4 0.01 g,NaCl 0.02 g,蒸馏水100 mL,pH值自然.在此培养条件下,C3菌所产生的微生物絮凝剂MBFC3对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝率可达到99.1%.实验中还发现,培养基中(NH4)2SO4和NaCl的用量是影响MBFC3絮凝效果的显著因素.     

深埋岛式地铁车站突发事件时人员疏散模拟研究

在地铁安全性分析中,人员安全疏散是一个关键的考核指标。笔者首先介绍基于规范的人员疏散设计、基于火灾工程学的性能化人员疏散设计思路及计算方法;以某市轨道交通S号线深埋车站为系统原型,通过人员疏散动力学模型对深埋车站的人员疏散过程(1 200人)进行计算机模拟;研究突发事件时,深埋站点内人员能否安全疏散。     

TiO2光催化降解水中内分泌干扰物17β-雌二醇

以低压汞灯为光源,采用间歇式光氧化反应器,研究了17β-雌二醇(E2)在纳米TiO₂(Degussa P-25)悬浆体系中的光催化降解.考察了溶液pH、E2初始浓度、TiO₂光催化剂投加量、UV光强、H₂O₂、O₂对E2光催化降解的影响.结果表明,TiO₂光催化工艺可以有效地去除水中的E2,E2的光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;TiO₂投加量为200　mg/L时,在14 W低压汞灯照射下,初始浓度为400 μg/L 的E2在自来水中的光降解一级反应速率常数为0.018 min^-1,E2的光催化降解速率常数与其初始浓度、TiO₂光催化剂的用量、溶液的pH值、UV光强等因素有关;外加H₂O₂、O₂可以影响催化剂的光降解效率.     

西藏拉萨市土壤气中氡、汞环境地球化学特征

研究了拉萨市及其附近土壤气中的氡、汞地球化学特征,利用地质累计指数法评价了其环境质量.1?579个测点的测量结果表明,土壤气中氡、汞的背景值分别是7?634.9 Bq/m³、41.5 ng/m³,标准偏差分别为2.7 Bq/m³、2.2 ng/m³.土壤气氡环境质量在研究区东部和西部比较好,在中部从南向北有逐渐加重的趋势,最高达到中度污染;氡的主要污染源是山间盆地沉积物中局部富集的放射性铀元素.从拉萨郊区向市中心,土壤气汞污染程度逐渐增加,最高达到严重污染;污染源主要是废气中的汞、宗教活动中使用的汞以及含汞的垃圾和废水.