国内外城市可持续发展指标体系比较

文章以英国2009年发表的可持续发展指标体系和美国可持续社区指标指南为例,比较了国内外城市可持续发展评估指标体系,列举了各指标体系的大类和分项,从指标体系的选择和评价方法的确定等方面综述了国内可持续发展指标体系,以期为制定和完善中国的城市可持续发展指标体系提供参考。     

东黄复线虞河跨越管段焊接补强导致管道弯曲问题的分析

为了解决东黄复线虞河跨越管线补强采用传统的焊接补板所带来的管线承重增加和焊缝增加引起的管线弯曲变形问题,采用有限元分析软件对管道弯曲问题进行计算分析,认为管道应力集中最严重的东侧弯头,在运行压力为4MPa的情况下,弯头处最大Mises等效应力为钢材屈服强度的64．58％,满足GB50253-2003《输油管道工程设计规范》要求。但为增加安全,可采取再设立一个固定支撑等措施。     

基于条件高斯模拟的城市灰尘Pb元素的空间分布特征

城市灰尘是分散于城市不同区域的表面固体颗粒物。城市灰尘对城市环境造成的污染越来越多地受到人们的关注,尤其是城市灰尘重金属对城市生存环境造成的危害。本文利用R软件中的Gstat包,对金华市城市地表灰尘中的Pb元素含量进行500次条件高斯模拟,并从中随机抽出3次模拟对其模拟结果进行分析,从模拟结果可以看出研究区Pb元素总体上显示出相似的空间变化趋势,但在细部空间变化上是有差别的。条件高斯模拟法对未知点的模拟值具有不确定性,克服了普通克里格法的平滑效应,能够更好地反映研究区的随机性和结构性。     

滑坡灾害预防的若干问题

本文简析了滑坡机理及其影响失稳的因素,总括了滑坡治理和监测评价方法。实践证明岩体声发射监测技术是滑坡监测预报的最可靠方法。本文总结作者的研究与实践,提出若干声发射监测技术的发展建议。     

苏州澄湖湖底硬粘土地球化学特征及其成因意义

位于太湖平原的苏州澄湖,湖底十分平坦,主要由硬粘土组成。在湖底获得18.00m长的柱样,0～6.00m为长江三角洲东部平原区的第一硬粘土层。通过AMS14C测年、元素含量测定及物源判别函数DF、n(Na)/n(K)与CIA指数计算和A-CN-K三角模型图等分析,探讨了该硬粘土的成因及堆积后的后期改造作用。研究结果表明,该硬粘土形成于大约29～10kaB.P,为晚更新世晚期的风成堆积物。湖底硬粘土自堆积后至澄湖形成,长期暴露于地表,经历了强烈的风化成土作用,为中等风化强度。且3.50m上下段化学风化过程明显不同,3.50m以下硬粘土段为早期去Na、Ca阶段;3.50m以上硬粘土段已经进入中期去K阶段,经历了比前期更加强烈的化学风化和成土作用。反映了对全球气候变化及区域气候条件的响应。与典型风成堆积物相比,化学风化强度从洛川黄土→洛川古土壤、西峰红粘土→镇江下蜀土→澄湖SC6硬粘土→宣城风成红土依次增强。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

利用16s rDNA方法检测刺参消化道细菌种类

以2007年7月采自大连瓦房店养殖厂的刺参为实验材料,通过对刺参肠道中的细菌16s rDNA V3区基因进行扩增、克隆测序及序列同源性分析,对其种类进行初步研究。本研究测序获得11条16s rDNA V3区基因序列,并进行Blast同源比对,确定序列同源性,分析出11种细菌,三种梭菌属(Clostridium)细菌,两种为假单胞菌属细菌(Pseudomonas),一种产丙酸菌属细菌(Propionigenium),一种为金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),有六种细菌分别与4种不可培养的未命名细菌同源,并根据测序结果建立系统发生树。本研究提供了一种检测海洋微生物的方法,为刺参病害诊断提供科学依据,为海洋微生物资源的开发和新种的发现提供了资料。     

Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

Effect of airborne SO_2 on performance of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum Schiff

SO2 Pollution; rape plant (Brassica chinensis); turnip moth (Agrotis segetum); growth and developmental parameters.     

大气污染物排放系数及计算方法

在我国排放大气污染物许可证试点工作中,需要确定污染物排放量,以达到总量控制之目的,利用排放系数可以估算各污染源的排放置。本文介绍了有色冶炼,化工制酸排放SO_2,水泥生产中排放粉尘及钢铁工业排放烟尘的排放系数及计算方法。